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Emotions and Actions: a Cognitive Model for the Red Baron

Emotions and Actions: a Cognitive Model for the Red Baron. Ana Lilia Laureano-Cruces Carlos Guadarrama-Ponce, Martha Mora-Torres Javier Ramírez-Rodríguez Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana – Azcapotzalco Posgrado en Ciencias e Ingeniería de la Computación

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Emotions and Actions: a Cognitive Model for the Red Baron

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  1. Emotions and Actions: a Cognitive Model for the Red Baron Ana Lilia Laureano-Cruces Carlos Guadarrama-Ponce, Martha Mora-Torres Javier Ramírez-Rodríguez Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana – Azcapotzalco Posgrado en Ciencias e Ingeniería de la Computación Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

  2. Emotions play an important role in the decision making process, as coherent behavior is impossible if they are not considered as a basic element in that process

  3. Red Baron and hiscombatbehavior • In this work is developed a cognitive model that takes into consideration the emotions of a fighter pilot and how they relate to specific behavioral actions of the Red Baron in combat situations.

  4. Emotionalmodel • To accomplish this: • cognitive model (a mental model and BCA) • cognitive structure of emotions based on the theory of Ortony, Clore, and Collins, • Create the emotional model

  5. EmoCogModel • The two models, cognitive and emotional, are combined in a single model, which we will call the EmoCog model.

  6. Kowledgerepresentation –Fuzzycognitivemaps • The representation model is developed by fuzzy cognitive maps. • This representation permits a validation of the EmoCog model. • Using hypothetical scenarios that simulate the Red Baron’s behavior in combat situations

  7. The principal goal • Get a model that can include emotions like part of the environment evaluation • And this, make possible the inclusion of emotions in the decision making-process

  8. Mental Model of the Red Baron’s Combat Behavior

  9. Macrostruture of Red Baron’s goals in action • Links’ types: • sufficient (S) • necessary (N) • facilitating (F) • inhibiting (I) • Goals’ types: • Active pursuit goals (A) • Goals of interest (I) • Filler goals (R)

  10. EmoCog Model: relationships between emotions and behavior

  11. EmoCog Model: relationships between emotions and behavior

  12. Fuzzy cognitive maps • Fuzzy cognitive maps (FCM's) are an artificial intelligence technique for knowledge representation with uncertainty and are used to model the behavior and operation of complex systems. FCM describe the behavior of a system in terms of elements (emotions and actions-event) and causal relationships between these elements.

  13. Kind of relationships • There are several elments involved in the macrostructure of Red Baron’s goals. These elments are interrelated through relationships of causality. • Relationships of causality refer to the effect an element has on the rest of them, involved in the description of an environment. The effect is to increase or reduce the likelihood of another element appearing. • Consequently, there are two kinds of relationships: positive (effect: to increase) and Negative (effect: to reduce).

  14. Causal graph of emotional model of a pilot in combat situations

  15. Description and interpretation a possible air combat scenarios • Positive behavioral elements activated in the input vector: Temerity(1), Aggressiveness(2), Desire(5), Adrenaline(7), and Superiority(14). • Negative behavioral elements activated in the input vector: [None].

  16. This input scenario represents the optimum psychological state of a fighter pilot just before engaging an enemy in combat. It also shows that he has no indisposition to face the enemy.

  17. Output scenario • Positive behavioral elements activated in the output vector: Self preservation(3), Victory(4), Dexterity(6), Anxiety(10), Emotionality (11), Self control(12), Synchronization(13), Superiority(14), and Rebelliousness(18).

  18. The output scenario represents a pilot who has defeated his enemy, with absolute self confidence and a touch of arrogance and satisfaction in having done a good job, who also is difficult to overcome. It shows an ace of aces of the air.

  19. Conclusions • One of the goals of this paper is to show how actions at a given time are related with emotions and how this example allows us to visualize this phenomenon • We developed an analysis and design of the Red Baron’s behavior with emphasis on combat behavior • We have established relationships between emotions and actions

  20. We have developed software that can use to test this and others causal matrices (http://ce.azc.uam.mx/profesores/clc/ • You look for it in docencia and inteligencia artificial)

  21. References • Alkov, R. (1992). Aviation Safety The Human Factor, Wyoming: Endeavor Books. • Kosko, B. (1986). Fuzzy Cognitive Maps, International Journal of Man-Machine Studies. 24, 65-75. • Kosko, B. (1992). Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems A Dynamical Systems Approach to Machine Intelligence. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. • Laureano-Cruces, A. (2000). Interacción dinámica en sistemas de enseñanza inteligentes, Tesis de Doctorado en Investigación Biomédica Básica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas – UNAM. Retrieved February 1, 2008. From http://ce.azc.uam.mx/profesores/clc/. • Laureano-Cruces, A. & De Arriaga, F. (2000). Reactive Agent Design for Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Cybernetics and Systems (an International Journal), 31, 1-47. • Laureano-Cruces, A., De Arriaga, F. & García-Alegre, M. (2001). Cognitive Task Analysis: a proposal to model reactive behaviours. Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 13, 227-239.

  22. Laureano-Cruces, A., Ramírez-Rodríguez, J., Mora-Torres, M. & Espinosa-Paredes, G. (2006). Modeling a Decision Making Process in a Risk Scenario: LOCA in a Nucleoelectric Plant Using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps. Research in Computing Science, 26, 3-13. • Laureano-Cruces, A., Ramírez-Rodríguez, J., Mora-Torres, M., de Arriaga, F. & Escarela-Pérez, R. (2010). Cognitive-Operative Model of Intelligent Learning Systems Behavior. Interactive Learning Environments. ISSN: 1049-4820. UK. Vol. 18, No.1, pp 11-38. • Loewenstein, G., & Lerner, J.S. (2003). The role of affect in decision making. En R. J. Davidson, K. R. Scherer & H. H. Goldsmith (Eds), Handbook of Affective Sciences (pp. 619-642). Oxford New York: Oxford University Press. • Ortony, A., Clore, G. & Collins, A. (1988). The Cognitive Structure of Emotions. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. • Reinhart, R. (1996). Basic Flight Physiology. New York:McGraw-Hill • Saberhagen, F. (1974). Wings Out of Shadow. Retrieved February 1, 2008. Fromhttp://www.webscription.net/chapters/0743498860/07434988609.htm • Villaire, N. & Hansrote, R. (2005). Applied Aviation Physiology. Wyoming: Endeavor Books. • Von Richthofen, M. A. F. (1918). The Red Fighter Pilot. Retrieved February 1, 2008. From http://www.richthofen.com/

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