Application of the Troop Leading Procedures

1. Application of the Troop Leading Procedures

2. OAKOC • Observation and • Fields of Fire • Avenues of • Approach • Key and Decisive • Terrain • Obstacles • Cover and • Concealment • TLP STEPS • Receive the Mission • Issue a Warning Order • Make a Tentative Plan • Initiate Movement • Conduct Reconnaissance • Complete the Plan • Issue the Order • Supervise and Assess • METT-TC • Mission • Enemy • Terrain • Troops • Time • Civilian Reconnaissance is conducted based on the tentative plan. Information discovered during recon is “plugged back in” to the estimate of the situation. It can cause a change of plan or even a change of mission. Tools of the Tactician

3. Troop Leading Procedures8 Steps • Receive the Mission • Issue a Warning Order • Make a Tentative Plan • Initiate Movement • Conduct Reconnaissance • Complete the Plan • Issue the Order • Supervise and Assess

4. Troop Leading Procedures • Receive the Mission • Issue a Warning order • Make a Tentative Plan • Initiate Movement • Conduct Reconnaissance • Complete the Plan • Issue the Order • Supervise and Assess Step 1: Receive the Mission • Receive a mission alert in the form of a Combat Order • Warning Order (WARNO) • Operations Order (OPORD) • Fragmentary Order (FRAGO) • The leader immediately begins a mission analysis using the factors of METT-TC and the Military Decision Making Process • Conduct an initial time management analysis using • “One-third: Two-thirds” Rule • Backward Planning Process

5. M E T T T C ISSION NEMY ERRAIN AND WEATHER ROOPS AND SUPPORT AVAILABLE IME AVAILABLE IVILIAN CONSIDERATIONS Step 1: Receive the Mission • Analysis of the Mission • Tasks - Specified, Implied, Essential • Constraints / Limitations • Write Restated Mission Guides the leader through the decision making process

6. Step 1: Receive the Mission Mission Analysis

7. Step 1: Receive the Mission TIME ANALYSIS • 1/3 - 2/3 Rule • Backward Planning Process

8. Step 2: Issue a Warning Order • Purpose • Issue immediately after mission analysis • Do not sacrifice time to gain more info • OPORD Format • At a minimum WARNO should include: • Mission or nature of the operation • Who is participating in the operation • Time of operation • Time and place for operations order • Troop Leading Procedures • Receive the Mission • Issue a Warning order • Make a Tentative Plan • Initiate Movement • Conduct Reconnaissance • Complete the Plan • Issue the Order • Supervise and Assess

9. Step 2: Issue a Warning Order Operations Order- A Basic Outline • Situation • Enemy Forces • Friendly Forces • Attachments and Detachments • Mission • Execution • Concept of the Operation • Maneuver • Fires • Tasks to Maneuver Units • Tasks to Combat Support Units • Coordinating Instructions • Service Support • General • Material and Services • Supply • Transportation • Services • Maintenance • Medical Examinations • Personnel • Miscellaneous • Command and Signal • Command • Signal

10. M E T T T C ISSION NEMY ERRAIN AND WEATHER ROOPS AND SUPPORT AVAILABLE IME AVAILABLE IVILIAN CONSIDERATIONS Step 3: Make a Tentative Plan • OAKOC • Observation and Fields of Fire • Avenues of Approach • Key and Decisive Terrain • Obstacles • Cover and Concealment Guides the leader through the decision making process

11. Troop Leading Procedures • Receive the Mission • Issue a Warning order • Make a Tentative Plan • Initiate Movement • Conduct Reconnaissance • Complete the Plan • Issue the Order • Supervise and Assess Step 4: Initiate Movement • May occur at any point in the Troop Leading Process • The steps do not have to be accomplished in order • Can be conducted by subordinate leaders • Includes movement to positions closer to LD, initial inspections, reconnaissance, battle drill rehearsals or SOP items • If the reconnaissance reveals a change in the situation, the plan must be adjusted accordingly.

12. Troop Leading Procedures • Receive the Mission • Issue a Warning order • Make a Tentative Plan • Initiate Movement • Conduct Reconnaissance • Complete the Plan • Issue the Order • Supervise and Assess Step 5: Conduct Reconnaissance • Reconnaissance is used to confirm terrain and/or enemy analysis and tactical options • Situation and time available dictate the type and detail of reconnaissance • Map, terrain model, aerial photo, ground • Plan and conduct a leader’s reconnaissance for every mission. • Consider risk inherent in moving forward of friendly lines, or into unoccupied area.

13. Troop Leading Procedures • Receive the Mission • Issue a Warning order • Make a Tentative Plan • Initiate Movement • Conduct Reconnaissance • Complete the Plan • Issue the Order • Supervise and Assess Step 6: Complete the Plan • Develop OPORD based on tentative plan, reconnaissance and additional guidance. • Review plan to ensure that the Commander’s mission and intent is satisfied. • Consider whether reconnaissance and changes to current situation may change or alter tentative plan. • Use five paragraph format and common tactical language from FM 3-21.8 (Chapter 5) and FM 5-0.

14. Troop Leading Procedures • Receive the Mission • Issue a Warning order • Make a Tentative Plan • Initiate Movement • Conduct Reconnaissance • Complete the Plan • Issue the Order • Supervise and Assess Step 7: Issue the Order • Can be issued either orally or written • Issue while observing the combat area if possible • Supplements to OPORDs: • Terrain models • Sand Table • Map boards/Overlays • Sketches • Fire Support Matrix • All subordinates MUST understand the plan • Use briefbacks

15. Troop Leading Procedures • Receive the Mission • Issue a Warning order • Make a Tentative Plan • Initiate Movement • Conduct Reconnaissance • Complete the Plan • Issue the Order • Supervise and Assess Step 8: Supervise and Assess • Rehearsals • Inspections

16. Step 8: Supervise and Assess • Rehearsals: The leader uses rehearsals to: • Practice essential tasks (improve performance). • Reveal weaknesses or problems in the plan. • Coordinate the actions of subordinate elements. Improve soldier understanding of the concept of the operation (foster confidence in soldiers). • Inspections: • Pre Combat Checks (PCCs): Soldier items • Pre Combat Inspections (PCIs): Mission essential equipment • Troop Leading Procedures • Receive the Mission • Issue a Warning order • Make a Tentative Plan • Initiate Movement • Conduct Reconnaissance • Complete the Plan • Issue the Order • Supervise and Assess

17. Step 8: Supervise and Assess REHEARSALS: • Must be habitual during training in order to effectively employ units tactically. • Clarifies Commander’s intent. • Reinforces scheme of maneuver. • Ensures understanding and instills confidence in participants. • Provides feedback and exposes problems in the plan.

18. Step 8: Supervise and Assess INSPECTIONS: Pre-Combat Inspections (PCIs) • Weapons and ammo: test fire • Uniforms and equipment • Mission Essential Equipment • Soldiers understanding of mission and their specific responsibilities • Communications: radios, frequencies, batteries • Rations and water • Camouflage; personnel and equipment

19. 1. Receive the Mission 2. Issue a Warning Order 3. Make a Tentative Plan 4. Initiate Movement 5. Conduct Reconnaissance 6. Complete the Plan 7. Issue the Order 8. Supervise and Assess Troop Leading Procedures The order of these steps doesn’t change Steps 4-7 are interchangeable. Step 8 occurs throughout the process.

20. Troop Leading Procedures CHALLENGES • Determine specified, implied, and essential tasks • Manage available time • Delegate during planning and preparation • Analyze courses of action and make decisions • Brief WARNORD, OPORD and FRAGO • Conduct rehearsals and inspections

21. Troop Leading Procedures PRACTICAL EXERCISE • Review the platoon order • Individually write a WARNO • Guided discussion • Make a tentative plan (Step 3) • Initiate movement (Step 4) • Reconnoiter (Step 5) • Complete the Plan (Step 6) • HOMEWORK • Guided discussion • Issue complete order (Step 7) • Supervise (Step 8)