Exploring American History

1. Exploring American History American History Unit VII – The Beginning of Modern America Chapter 22 Section 1- The United States Gains Overseas Territories

2. The United States Gains Overseas Territories • The Big Idea • In the last half of the 1800s, the United States joined the race for control of overseas territories. • Main Ideas • The United States ended its policy of isolationism. • Hawaii became a U.S. territory in 1898. • The United States sought trade with Japan and China.

4. Main Idea 1:The United States ended its policy of isolationism. • Powerful Western nations were building naval bases to protect shipping routes in the 1800s. • Was an aspect of imperialism: building an empire by founding colonies or conquering other nations • Europeans extended colonial empires to control most of Africa and Southeast Asia during 1870–1914. • European countries wanted sources of raw materials, new markets for manufactured goods, and increased national pride. • Meanwhile, the United States followed a limited policy of isolationism– avoiding involvement in the affairs of other countries.

6. America’s Policy Shifts • By the late 1800s, some Americans wanted to end isolationism in order to • Expand and keep the economy strong • Protect economic interests by building a strong navy with many overseas bases • United States began building an empire in late 1800s • Purchased Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million in 1867 • Called “Seward’s Folly” for Secretary of State William H. Seward, who negotiated the purchase of what critics called the “Alaskan Icebox” • Annexed Pacific Ocean territories • Midway Island in 1867 • Samoa in 1899

7. Imperialist Activity • Imperialism: Extending a nation’s power over other lands. • Causes of U.S. Expansionism • Economic- Desire for new markets and raw materials • Military- Desire for naval bases and coaling stations. • Ideological- desire to bring Christianity, western-style culture and democracy to other peoples. • Scramble for territory- 1800’s • European powers- Africa, Asia and dominating the economy of Latin America • America believed it was its “manifest destiny” to expand westward to the Pacific Ocean, and now people sought lands even further west.

9. End of Isolation • Identify- Which areas of the world did Europeans try to control between 1870-1914? • Recall- Name three forces that drove European imperialism. • Contrast- What is isolationism? What did the opponents of isolationism believe?

10. Main Idea 2:Hawaii became a U.S. territory in 1898. Americans owned most shops and shipyards in Hawaii by 1840s. Sugar became a leading export and the industry prospered. Planters forced the Hawaiian king to sign a new constitution granting them more legislative power. After Liliuokalani became queen and proposed a new constitution, planters led a revolt and set up their own revolutionary government supported by the United States. Congress annexed the Hawaiian Islands in 1898, but it did not become the fiftieth state until 1959.

11. Influence in Hawaii • Early Contact • British in 1778 • Chief Kamehameha- united eight islands and established a kingdom. • Americans arrive- traders and missionaries. • Foreigners brought diseases. • Sugar cane and power • Investors in the Sugar Cane industry began to increase their control and their profits. Sanford B. Dole. • King Kalakaua got a treaty in 1875 to allow Hawaiian sugar to enter U.S. tax free and make it the cheapest sugar. Kamehameha designed a fleet of war canoes called peleleu and were mounted with guns for his conquest of the Hawaiian Islands.

12. Taking Control of Hawaii • Plotting against the king and the end of the monarchy • Hawaiian League- secret organization to overthrow the king and establish democracy- American business leaders, planters and traders. • Bayonet constitution- forced on King Kalakaua- he lost power, his people couldn’t vote and Pearl Harbor went to the Americans. • Sugar treaty rejected • Queen Liliuokalani- planned to restore power of the monarchy. • 4 boatloads of U.S. Marines surround palace and Queen surrenders. • Sanford B. Dole, sugar tycoon, chosen as president and Hawaii declared to be under U.S. protection. • Annexation- Not all presidents were in favor of this. McKinley would vote for it . Hawaii become U.S. territory and finally state in 1959.

16. Hawaii becomes a Territory • Explain- What happened in 1875 that helped the Hawaiian sugar industry grow? • Predict- What would native Hawaiians learn from the missionaries?

17. Main Idea 3:The United States sought trade with Japan and China. • The island nation of Japan was isolated from the rest of the world. • The United States wanted to open Japan’s markets before Europeans arrived. • Commodore Matthew Perry was sent on a mission to Japan to secure friendship and commerce in 1853 and failed. • Perry returned to Japan in 1854 with a show of power and many gifts. • A commercial treaty was negotiated in 1858. • By the 1890s, Japan was itself an imperial power.

18. Influence in Japan • 1853- Commodore Matthew Perry sent to get trade treaty with Japan. Japanese awed by U.S. naval strength- Treaty of Kanagwa 1854. • Japanese modernization • Japan seized Taiwan in 1895.

19. Foreign Powers in China • Spheres of Influence • Japan defeated China in the Sino-Japanese War, 1894–95. • Other countries wanted to set up spheres of influence,areas where they could control trade and natural resources, in China • Open Door Policy • U.S. Secretary of State John Hay set forth an Open Door Policy. • Policy stated that all nations should have equal access to trade in China. • Boxer Rebellion • China resented foreign control. • Nationalists attacked foreign settlements in Beijing in Boxer Rebellion in1900. • Boxers were defeated, China paid a fine, and the Open Door policy remained.

20. Open Door Policy and Boxer Rebellion- 3:28 min.

21. U.S. Seeks Trade With Japan and China • Recall- Why did President Fillmore send Commodore Perry to Japan? • Identify Cause and Effect- Why had European powers not yet formed trade ties with Japan? • Evaluate – What do you think about the actions of Commodore Perry toward the Japanese?

22. U.S. Seeks Trade With Japan and China • Recall- How was the United States 1899 Open Door Policy treated by the European powers and Japan? • Sequence- What series of events in 1868, 1895 and 1905 led to Japan becoming a world power? • Evaluate – If you were a Chinese nationalist, what would you think of being within the sphere of influence of so many other countries?

23. U.S. Seeks Trade With Japan and China • Recall- How long did the Boxers siege of the foreigners’ walled settlement last? • Evaluate – What is your opinion about China being forced to make a $333 million payment to foreign governments after the Boxer rebellion?