World War I

1. World War I

2. Objectives Content: Differentiate between the long term and immediate causes of World War I. Learning: List the 4 MAIN causes of World War I.

3. Underlying Causes of WWI • There were 4 MAIN causes of WWI. • Militarism • Alliances • Imperialism • Nationalism

4. Militarism • What is it? • Building up armed forces to get ready for war • Why did it happen? • Need for security leads to an arms race.

5. Alliances • What is it? • Agreements or promises to defend and help another country • Why did it happen? • Concern about possible war.

7. Central Powers The Alliances Allied Powers France United States Russia Belgium British Empire Serbia Bulgaria Austro-Hungarian Empire German Empire Ottoman Empire

8. Trick to Remember Alliances in WWI FURBBS BAG of “O”’s FURBBS = Allies BAG of “O”s = Central Powers

9. Imperialism • What is it? • Trying to build up an empire by physically and economically controlling other countries • Why did it happen? • Believed stronger countries own more land.

11. Nationalism • What is it? • Having pride in your country and being willing to defend it • Why did it happen? • People all thought their country was the best and wanted to prove it!

12. Immediate Cause of World War I (WWI) • Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand • Austria-Hungary controlled Serbia. • Serbia wanted independence.

13. Immediate Cause of World War I (WWI) • Ferdinand was the heir to the throne of Austria- Hungary • He was assassinated in June 1914 by a Serbian nationalist while on an official visit to Bosnia.

15. Warm Up Read through Document A: Woodrow Wilson’s Speech #1. Answer Question #1 on Guiding Questions.

16. Objectives Content: Create a WWI propaganda poster. Learning: Explain 4 reasons the United States entered WWI.

17. U.S. Expansionism • Spanish American War ended the U.S. policy of Isolationism (1898) • Result of Spanish American War = the U.S. emerges as a world power

18. U.S. Expansionism • WWI ended the U.S. policy of avoiding European conflicts (1914-1918) • WWI = the U.S. emerges as a global superpower

19. American Neutrality Is Over • Up to 1917, the US opposed war. Woodrow Wilson was re-elected as President with the slogan: “He kept us out of war!” • But that was all about to change!

20. Reasons for America’s Involvement in WWI 4 REASONS US inability to remain neutral United States economic and political ties to Great Britain

21. Reasons for America’s Involvement in WWI 3. German submarine warfare: In 1915 they sank the Lusitania (1000 people died, 128 were Americans) 4. The Zimmerman Telegram

22. Zimmerman Telegram • The Zimmerman Telegram – was a secret message from Germany to Mexico that the British intercepted (January 1917). • The message said that if Mexico helped Germany invade and defeat the US, than Germany would help them get back all the land they lost in the Mexican American War (1848) • Americans were angry and wanted to go to war.

23. U.S. Entry into WWI Read Document B: Woodrow Wilson’s Speech #2. Answer remaining Guiding Questions.

24. America Enters the War April 6, 1917- President Wilson and Congress declare war! More than 2 million Americans entered the military to fight in WWI. http://www.firstworldwar.com/audio/overthere.htm

25. Homefront • Civilians at home made sacrifices to help with the war effort • War Gardens – personal fruit and vegetable gardens so that more food could be sent to the troops

26. Homefront • Bonds – loaning the government money to help pay for the war. • Rationing – using less of what you want so that more materials can be used for the war or sent to the troops. • Propaganda helped encourage support for war effort.

27. Propaganda

28. Homefront continued • Women work in jobs traditionally held by men – leads to changing a role • Pushes women to get the right to vote • Most countries grant right to vote before WWI is over. • When does the U.S. grant the right to vote?

30. Objectives Content: Defend why Wilson’s 14 Points were a good solution to WWI. Learning: Describe the changes in warfare during WWI.

31. WWI Details 1914-1918 Actual fighting began in August when Germany invaded Belgium (a neutral country) http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/animations/western_front/index_embed.shtml

32. Four main fighting fronts: • Western (Britain, France, and Germany) • Eastern (Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Russia) • Balkan (Serbia, Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria) • Italian (Italy and Austria-Hungary)

33. New Weapons of WWI • Improved cannons and improved guns (machine guns) • New inventions and destructive weapons • German “U-boats” (submarines) • Tank • Poison Gas • Combat airplanes (end of war)

34. Machine Guns

35. WWI Gas Masks

36. WWI Tanks

37. WWI Planes

38. German U-boats "unterseeboot", or undersea boat in English

39. Trench Warfare WWI introduces Trench Warfare because of new weapons

41. The Allies Were Struggling • Russian troops were not able to get the supplies they needed. • Many were trying to fight with NO bullets. • In 1917, the Russian people overthrew their government with the Russian Revolution. It caused Russia to leave the war. • Now all of Germany’s attention was on the Western Front.

42. The U.S. Enters the War • Allied forces desperately needed the help, they were drained and starving. • The Allies with U.S. help didn’t just stop the German advance, but pushed them back to Germany.

43. November 11, 1918, Germany’s government is overthrown and the new leaders quickly agree to an armistice (an agreement to end the fighting) http://www.realmilitaryvideos.com/wwi/newsreel-end-of-wwi-in-san-francisco/ The End of WWI

44. After the Armistice • More than 9 Million soldiers lost their lives • Wilsons peace proposal was called “Fourteen Points” • New boundaries and nations in Europe • Stopping what caused the war: • No secret treaties • No building up of militaries

45. Wilson’s 14 Points Continued • Free trade, freedom of the seas • League of Nations • Peacekeeping organization where countries discuss their problems to find a solution instead of fighting a war.

46. Problems with Wilson’s Plan Others thought the peace terms were too easy on the losing nations. Britain and France faced the most losses and wanted revenge, so they went with a different plan for ending WWI called the Treaty of Versailles.

47. Treaty of Versailles • The Treaty of Versailles brought an end to the war between Germanyand the AlliedPowers. The other countries in the CentralPowerswere dealt with in separate treaties. • The Treaty was signed in June1919.

48. What did it mean for Germany? • The Treaty of Versailles: • Forced Germany to accept fullblamefor the war • Took away Germany’s colonies and armed forces • Forced Germany to pay $33 billion in war reparations

49. What did it mean for the world? The Treaty of Versailles: • Also divided up the empires of Austria-Hungary, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire. • Established the League of Nations

50. But not so fast…. • The United States never ratified (approved) the treaty or joined the LeagueofNations. • Many members of Congress did not want the US to join the League ofNations because they did not want more foreign commitments.