Chapter 5

1. Chapter 5 Types of Fashionand Trends Types of Fashion The Fashion Cycle

2. Chapter Objectives • Identify the types of fashion products. • Explain the main categories of fashion apparel. • Identify the classifications of fashion apparel categories. • Explain the fashion cycle. • Discuss the role of fashion leaders. • Identify the different theories of fashion movement. • Discuss the difference between fashion trends and fads.

3. Types of Fashion Products Manufacturers make a variety of lines. linesgroups of styles and designs produced and sold as a set of related products for a given season Section 5.1

4. Types of Fashion Products The two main types of product lines are hardlines and softlines. hardlineslines of products that are non-textile, such as small and large appliances, home accessories, and items not made of fabric softlineslines of products made from textiles that include apparel and household items such as towels, table linens, and bedding Section 5.1

5. Types of Apparel Apparel is categorized by groups—women’s wear, men’s wear, and infants’ and children’s wear. apparelterm used for clothing, as in personal attire or garments Apparel producers designate a certain product number to represent each style of apparel. Section 5.1

6. Most accessories are softlines. All accessories are categorized with soft goods. Types of Accessories Producers present accessories in two seasonal lines each year. accessoriesfashion items that are added to complete or enhance outfits Section 5.1

7. Home Furnishings Fashion trends in the home furnishings industry move at a slower pace than those in the apparel industry. home furnishingsthe fashion category that includes textiles used to furnish and decorate the home, such as towels, linens, and bedding Section 5.1

8. Bed linens Windowtreatments Carpeting Bathroom items Rugs Upholstery furniture Table and kitchen linens Non-fabricfloor tiles Throw pillows Home Furnishings Categories of Home Furnishings Domestics HomeFurnishings FloorCoverings Many apparel designers also produce home furnishing lines. Section 5.1 8

9. Categories and Classifications in Apparel The women’s wear category represents the largest share of the apparel industry. The industry manufactures new lines for five different seasons each year. The retail life of a line is approximately ten weeks. Section 5.1

10. Women’s Apparel Classifications Sportswear separates Active wear Dresses Swimwear/beachwear Evening and bridal Intimate apparel Maternity Accessories Outerwear Footwear Suits Miscellaneous apparel Categories and Classifications in Apparel Women’s Size Ranges Misses Petite Women’s Juniors Section 5.1 10

11. Categories and Classifications in Apparel Fashion marketers present new lines of men’s apparel twice a year. Men’s sportswear apparel makers show new sportswear lines four times a year. Section 5.1

12. Categories and Classifications in Apparel The fall/winter lines are the most important, followed by the spring/summer lines. Different seasons determine fabric weight. Section 5.1

13. Categories and Classifications in Apparel Men’s Apparel Classifications Tailored apparel Heavy outerwear Furnishings Work clothing Sportswear Footwear Miscellaneous apparel Section 5.1 13

14. Categories and Classifications in Apparel There are three main production seasons for manufacturers of children’s apparel: • Pre-Fall • Spring/Summer • Winter/Holiday Section 5.1

15. Categories and Classifications in Apparel Licensing of children’s apparel is big business. Safety trends affect the production of children’s wear. Section 5.1

16. Categories and Classifications in Apparel Infants’ and Children’s Wear Classifications Infant Toddler Young children Girls Boys Section 5.1 16

17. Variety of Fashion Categories and classifications of fashion products allow producers and retailers to more efficiently make, market, and sell fashion to consumers. Section 5.1

18. 5.1 What are the three main merchandise categories of apparel? What are the size classifications for women’s clothing? How is children’s clothing classified? 1. 2. 3. Section 5.1

19. Types of Fashion

20. Soft lines • apparel • accessories • home furnishings • Hard lines • small appliances Kohl’s Men’s wear Furnishings Sportswear Footwear Children’s wear Infant Toddler Young children Girls Boys Women’ s wear Outerwear Swimwear Intimates Accessories Misses Women's Petites Juniors Variety Various styles Reasonable prices Coupons / sales

21. Changing Fashions The consumer dictates the fashions that are produced. Producers must be able to respond to the ever-changing movement of demand. Section 5.2

22. The Fashion Cycle To better understand the different phases of the fashion cycle, it is important to understand style, acceptance, and timeliness of fashions. fashion cycle the period of time or life span during which the fashion exits, moving through stages, from introduction through obsolescence Section 5.2

23. The Fashion Cycle Not only does a design go through phases during its cycle of existence, but special features, such as color, texture, and fabric, also go through fashion cycles. Section 5.2

24. The Fashion Cycle 3 Peak 2 4 Rise Decline 1 5 Acceptance Introduction Obsolescence Time The length of time that a particular fashion remains in any of the stages of the life cycle depends on the consumer’s willingness to accept the fashion. Section 5.2 24

25. Fashion Movement There are many factors that can affect fashion movement. fashion movement the ongoing motion of fashion moving through the fashion cycle • Economic and social • New fibers and fabrics • Advertising techniques Section 5.2

26. Fashion Movement Fashion leaders start the upward climb of the fashion cycle. fashion leaders trendsetters, or individuals who are the first to wear new styles, after which the fashion is adopted by the general public Media celebrities often set the fashion cycles in motion. Section 5.2

27. Fashion Movement Three theories of fashion movement identify the starting point of a fashion trend: fashion trend the direction of the movement of fashion that is accepted in the marketplace • Trickle-Down Theory • Trickle-Up Theory • Trickle-Across Theory Section 5.2

28. Fashion Movement The trickle-down theory is the oldest and most accepted theory of fashion change. trickle-down theory a hypothesis that states the movement of fashion starts at the top with consumers of higher socioeconomic status As more people begin to wear popular fashions, those at the top become less interested and begin to look for something new. Section 5.2

29. Fashion Movement trickle-up theory a hypothesis that states the movement of fashion starts with consumers on lower-income levels and then moves to consumers with higher incomes The trickle-up theory is the opposite of the trickle-down theory. • Examples include: • Athletic apparel style • Hair style • Punk style Section 5.2

30. Fashion Movement The trickle-across theory is especially probable in the 21st century because technology allows designer fashion to be copied quickly and easily. trickle-across theory a hypothesis stating that fashion acceptance begins among several socioeconomic classes at the same time Section 5.2

31. Acceptance comes from several groups atthe same time Consumers with high socioeconomic status Consumers withhigher incomes Trend Trend Trend General public Consumers withlower incomes Fashion Movement Trickle-DownTheory Trickle-UpTheory Trickle-AcrossTheory Section 5.2 31

32. Fashion Trends vs. Fads A fad can be recognized by its sudden appearance and disappearance. fad a fashion that is popular for a very short time However, a trend can be a fad that has stood the test of time. Section 5.2

33. Changing Fashions The flux of consumer approval creates trends and fads—and keeps the fashion industry an exciting and dynamic business. Section 5.2

34. 5.2 What are the five stages of the fashion cycle? What are three theories of how fashions become popular? What is the difference between a fashion trend and a fashion fad? 1. 2. 3. Section 5.2

35. 1. 2. 3. 4. The main product lines are hardlines, such as non-textile home accessories, and softlines, such as textile items such as apparel and linens. Categories of fashion apparel include women’s wear, men’s wear, infants’ wear, and children’s wear. They designate a certain number to represent each style of apparel. Types of fashion accessories include items such as footwear, handbags, headwear, scarves, neckties, jewelry, gloves, and hosiery. Checking Concepts • Name the main types of product lines. • Identify the categories of fashion apparel. • Identify how retailers designate each style of apparel. • List types of fashion accessories. continued

36. 5. 6. 7. During the rise stage, fashions become accepted by more people because they can afford them. Mass production reduces the price of the fashion so more sales occur. Fashion leaders are trendsetters, or individuals who are the first to wear new styles, after which the fashion is adopted by the public. The trickle-down theory is a hypothesis that states the movement of fashion starts at the top with consumers of higher socio-economic status. Checking Concepts • Explain the rise stage of the fashion cycle. • Define the term fashion leaders. • Explain the trickle-down theory of fashion movement. continued

37. 8. A trend can be a fad that has stood the test of time. Checking Concepts Critical Thinking • Discuss how a fashion fad might become a fashion trend.