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Workshop on Labour Migration : Contributions from the Ministries of Labour in the Americas

Workshop on Labour Migration : Contributions from the Ministries of Labour in the Americas. Today's labour migration in the Americas and the role of the ministries of labour July 13, 2017. Table of Contents. Premises Migration and development : is it possible ?

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Workshop on Labour Migration : Contributions from the Ministries of Labour in the Americas

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  1. Workshop onLabourMigration: ContributionsfromtheMinistries of Labour in theAmericas Today'slabourmigration in theAmericas and the role of theministries of labour July13, 2017

  2. Table of Contents • Premises • Migration and development: isitpossible? • Theintegratednatureofthephenomenonofmigration • Highlightsofmigration in theAmericas • MigrantWorkers • FamilyMembers • Instruments fortheprotectionofmigrants • Insufficient? • Conventionsofportability • An agenda for social security and protection • Final thoughts

  3. 1. Premises: Migration and development, isitpossible? Welive in anunprecedented time formigration: thereare 64 millionmigrants in thehemisphere Migration as a human right:: all people have the right to migrate, return and remain in their country of origin in decent conditions • Migration for work reasons accounts for 60% of the causes. • The ability to take advantage of the migration experience depends on integration and return. • There are 18 migration laws in the hemisphere, and only 4 of them allow for effective instruments to return.

  4. 1. Premises: Theintegratednature of thephenomenon of migration Therefugee crisis has shiftedthetraditionalparadigmfrommigration control to a horizontal rightsapproach

  5. Global migrationpatterns are constantlychanging in relation to economies and theirimpactonlabourmarkets. Interregional migration in thehemisphere (within LAC) isgaining considerable momentum Source: http://www.global-migration.info/. ECLAC, ILO, 2017

  6. 2. Highlights of migration in the Americas: migrant workers 15% of the world's migrants (35 million) are from the region of Latin America and the Caribbean. • 75% participate in the labour market. • Most of themgo to jobsinvolvingrepetitivetasks (low-qualifiedjobs), which are at riskdue to automation. • Twoout of everythreemigrants in the OECD area are employed. • MigrantsfromLatinAmerica and theCaribbeanhavelowerrates of unemployment. • The OECD estimatesthat 15-20% of migrants are irregular. • Theaveragelevel of contribution to social securitysystemsbyimmigrants in most LAC countriesislowerthanthat of natives. Data: SICREMI, OAS, 2015 International Migration Outlook, 2017 ECLAC, ILO, 2017

  7. 2. Highlights of migration in the Americas: Family Members • Thosewhostay: • Do nothaveaccess to benefits and/orfamily social securitycoverage. • Remittances are used in case of contingencies as out-of-pocketspendingonhealthcareor are used to replaceeconomicbenefits (death, accidents, maintenance). • It has beenestimatedthatinternationalremittances to LAC countries rose to $61,300 million in 2013 (a littleover US $3,000 per worker) • 72% of countries in LatinAmerica and theCaribbean are net recipients of remittances, beingone of theregionswiththehighestlevels of thisindicator, alongwith Eastern Europe, Central Asia and sub-SaharanAfrica (World Bank, 2012) Thosewholeave: • Familymigration (formation of families, companions, reunification and adoption) accountsfor 40% of migration in OECD countries. • Migratingadult "familymembers" takelonger to integrateintothelabourmarket • 49% of total migrantswerewomen, and theywereprimarilymigrating as companions, familycaregiversor "migratingfamilymembers"

  8. 3. Instruments for the protection of migrants: insufficient? Despitetheirintention and usefulness, theseinstruments, conventions and declarationsfortheinternationalprotection of internationalmigrantsfaceimportantchallenges. Of the 193 MemberStates of theUnitedNations: • 51 countries (out of 151) have ratified the International Convention on the protection of the rights of all migrant workers and members of their families. • The 1951 ConventiononRefugees and itsProtocol: ratifiedby 145 and 146 MemberStates of theUnitedNations, respectively. • TheProtocolson irregular migration, human trafficking and smuggling: ratifiedby 128 countries (twothirds of total countries) • 36 membercountrieshadratified 5 of themostrelevantinstruments, while 14 ratifiednone. Data: UN, October 2015

  9. 3. Instruments for the protection of migrants: Conventions of portability Agreementsonportability (83) haveweaknesses in theirimplementation, and theirbenefits are tooconcentrated in somecountries. • 47% of agreements (39) are concentrated in Canada and Uruguay. • 74% of bilateral Conventionscoverportability of pensions, and 26% coverhealth and otherbenefits. • Thebenefittedpopulationisaround 300 thousand, compared to 7 millionpotentialbeneficiaries. Thereis no Convention of Portabilitythatcoverstheentirehemisphere

  10. 4. An agenda for social security and protection • Analyzethedimensions of labourmigration: regular, irregular, formal, informal, permanent, temporary, amongothers. • Westillhaveinsufficientinformationonmigrants in labourmarketsbecausestatisticsremainfocusedonmigration control. Universal Conventionforallcountriesthatreceivelabourmigrantsworldwide • Eliminatelabourexploitation and abusiverecruitmentpractices. • Informalityaffectstheinclusion of migrants in social securitysystems. • Includeinstitutionsproviding social securityservices in thediscussion of benefits and Conventions. • Implementautomatedsystemsforinformationsharingprocessesamongcountries and social securityinstitutions. • Proposesocial protectioninstrumentsthatgobeyondthemigration status.

  11. 5. Final thoughts: conclusions Mass migration of workers raises the need for changes in social security and protection because of: Inadequate implementation of international norms and conventions. Low expectation of access to pension. Poor exploitation of return and promotion of savings. There are not enough instruments for the protection of family members of migrants in sending countries. Irregular migration is exposed to greater risks and lack of protection with high costs in the long term.

  12. 5. Final thoughts: recommendations Social security and protectionisfacedwiththechallenge of providingflexibility to register and protectmigrants and theirfamiliesregardless of theirimmigration status and place of origin. • Itmust: • Educate and trainthroughoutlifeforprevention • Introduce independentsavingsmechanisms • Promotebetterlabourconditions • Introduce mechanismsforaccesstohealth • A new systemof social security and protectionwouldfocuson: • Promotingthereturn and availingofmigration • Promoting universal accesstohealthcare • Reformingpensionmodels: more solid and realistic • Introducingad hocschemesfor new workmodelsofmigrants • Eliminatingentrybarriers (makeregistration more flexible)

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