Chapter 7, part 1

1. Chapter 7, part 1 The Axial Skeleton

2. Learning Objectives • Identify the bones of the axial skeleton and specify their functions. • Identify the bones of the cranium and face. • Describe the differences between adult, child and infant skulls. • Identify and describe the curvatures of the spinal column. • Identify the vertebral regions and give characteristics of each. • Explain the articulations between the thoracic vertebrae, the ribs and sternum.

3. SECTION 7-1Divisions of the Skeleton

4. Skeletal system includes both: • Axial skeleton • Skull • Auditory ossicles and hyoid bone • Vertebral column • Thoracic cage • Appendicular skeleton • Pectoral and pelvic girdles • Upper and lower limbs

5. Figure 7.1b The Axial Skeleton Figure 7.1b

6. SECTION 7-2The Skull

7. The skull • Consists of the cranium and the bones of the face • The cranium encloses cranial cavity • Facial bones surround and protect the entrances to the respiratory and digestive tracts • Superficial landmarks include the sutures • Lambdoid • Coronal • Sagittal • Squamous

8. Figure 7.2 Cranial and Facial Subdivisions of the Skull Figure 7.2

9. Figure 7.3 The Adult Skull Figure 7.3a, b

10. Figure 7.3 The Adult Skull Figure 7.3c

11. Figure 7.3 The Adult Skull Figure 7.3d

12. Figure 7.3 The Adult Skull Figure 7.3e

13. Focus: The Individual Bones of the Skull Cranial Bones • one occipital bone • foramen magnum • two parietal bones • one frontal bone • frontal sinuses • two temporal bones • auditory ossicles • one sphenoid • one ethmoid

14. Figure 7.4 The Sectional Anatomy of the Skull Figure 7.4a

15. Figure 7.4 The Sectional Anatomy of the Skull Figure 7.4b