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ENLARGEMENT OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

ENLARGEMENT OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. The Founding Members. European Coal and Steel Community Proposed by Schuman for peace in 1950 Formally established in 1951 by Treaty of Paris France, W. Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Italy Went on to sign Treaties of Rome ECSC EURATOM

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ENLARGEMENT OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

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  1. ENLARGEMENT OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

  2. The Founding Members • European Coal and Steel Community • Proposed by Schuman for peace in 1950 • Formally established in 1951 by Treaty of Paris • France, W. Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Italy • Went on to sign Treaties of Rome • ECSC • EURATOM • EEC

  3. Came to be known as EC • International organisations governed by same set of institutions • UK changed policy on joining on EC • Issued for accession in 1961 • Due to Suez crisis • “Non” to the UK accession by French President de Gaulle • Due to fear of US influence

  4. 1973 - First Enlargement • Accession of UK, Denmark, Ireland, Norway • UK • French President de Gaulle no longer in office so UK no longer has barriers for entry • Colonies – the question of Gibraltar • Norway • Question put to referendum – rejected • Still adopts policies – Schengen, Europol etc • Contributes to budget, member of EEA

  5. 1981 and 1986MediterraneanEnlargements • Democracy returns to Greece, Spain and Portugal • Greece joins in 1981 • Spain and Portugal in 1986 • 1985 – Greenland leaves the EC • 1987 – Turkey and Morocco apply • Morocco not seen as European • Turkey’s accepted, only received candidate status in 2000, negotiations started in 2004

  6. 1981 and 1986MediterraneanEnlargements • With the accession of the countries in 1981 and 1986: • Population increased by 10% • The area of the EU members increased by 20% • The total GDP of the member states increased by 6.8% • But the GDP per capita fell by 3.42%

  7. FourthEnlargement - EU-15 • Prior to enlargement of 1995, East+West Germany reunified in 1990 • East Germany part of EC, under “Germany” • EC becomes EU in 1993 - Maastricht • Accession of Austria, Finland, Sweden • Copenhagen criteria established due to candidacy of numerous post-communist countries • Democracy / free market / adoption of EU Law

  8. FourthEnlargement - EU-15 • With the accession of the countries in 1995: • Population increased by 6% • The area of the EU members increased by 35% • The total GDP of the member states increased by 6.5% • For the first and only time in any enlargement of the EC/EU, the GDP per capita increased, by 0.20%

  9. 2004: TheBigBang • In 2004, 10 Eastern, mostly post communist, countries joined the EU • Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Luthuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. • Less developed states were fear of Western, more developed members • Restrictions of certain members on travel/working rights of eastern people in their countries • Denmark, Finland, Austria

  10. TheFifthEnlargement • With the accession of the countries in 2004: • Population increased by 20%, largest single expansion in terms of number of people • The area of the EU members increased by 18%, largest single increase in terms of km2 • The total GDP of the member states increased only by 8.8% • It was the largest fall of GDP per capita in any enlargement. The accession of the less developed Eastern countries caused a 9% fall in GDP per capita

  11. Sixth Enlargement - 2007 • The accession of Bulgaria and Romania • Were supposed to join in 2004 • Romania • Government and judiciary reforms not completed • Bulgaria • More efforts needed in fight against corruption, human trafficking and reforming judicial sector

  12. Sixth Enlargement - 2007 • With the accession of the countries in 2007: • Population increased by 6.5% • The area of the EU members increased by 8.5% • The total GDP of the member states increased by 2% • GDP per capita fell by 4%

  13. 2013: Croatia • After Slovenia, Croatia is the second country from ex-Yugoslavia to join the EU. • The European perspective remains open to the entire Western Balkans region.

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