The Holocaust

1. The Holocaust

2. THE HOLOCAUST WAS ONE OF THE WORST WORLD EVENTS. • The Nazis, who came to power in Germany in January 1933, believed that Germans were "racially superior“ with the blond hair, blue eyes, and German blood, and that the Jews were an alien threat to the so-called German racial community.

3. Concentration Camps • If you were a Jew, you were put in a concentration camp to be tortured and eventually killed. • The deadliest camp was the Auschwitz Camp

4. LIFE IN THE GHETTO • During the Holocaust, a ghetto was an isolated section of a city in which Jews were forced to live.  The conditions the Nazis created in the ghettos were horrible and unhealthy , usually cramped, dirty, and with little food.

5. Concentration Camp Torture • Their more gruesome duties included ripping out the gold teeth of the dead and sweeping away the ashes of the corpses.

6. Not everyone killed in the camps was granted the relative mercy of a semi-quick death; some were simply forced to stand in a room without food or water until they died

7. Human experimentation wasn’t just common in camps, it was encouraged. Prisoners were submerged in ice water to see the effects of hypothermia, injected with chemicals and poisons to test their effectiveness, sterilized, vivisected, and operated on without anesthetic. The worst part? This list still doesn’t even scratch the surface.

8. Thievery • If the Jew that died had a really nice tattoo, they’d skin him and preserve the tattoo. • The soldiers would take all of the dead Jews’ nice belongings like wedding rings.

9. Torture devices • Whips • long, heavy crowbars • Fists • Hanging

10. Entering the camps • Having arrived at a concentration camp and been unloaded from the cattle trucks, men and women were separated, children staying with their mothers. • After registration, prisoners had to undress and have their hair shaved before showering. They usually had their own clothing taken away, which would be replaced by a striped uniform. • This process was designed to remove any remnants of human dignity or personal identity

11. “Number Game” • During the Holocaust, concentration camp prisoners received tattoos only at one location, the Auschwitz concentration camp. • These numbers are how the Nazi soldiers recognized the Jews.

12. Forced labor • The Nazi’s literally forced the Jews to work until they died.

13. Children during the Holocaust • The fate of Jewish and non-Jewish children can be categorized in the following way: 1) children killed when they arrived in killing centers; 2) children killed immediately after birth or in institutions; 3) children born in ghettos and camps who survived because prisoners hid them; 4) children, usually over age 12, who were used as laborers and as subjects of medical experiments; and 5) those children killed during reprisal operations or so-called anti-partisan operations.

14. Books • The Diary of Anne Frank, • Number The Stars, • The Book Thief, • The Boy in the Striped Pajamas, and many more

15. Anne Frank • A 13 year old Jewish girl. She was forced to go into hiding by her parents. Her, her sister, parents, and others hid in Anne’s father’s work office. The space was cramped and very small. They had to be silent during the day because the workers, except for a few, didn’t know they were there. Anne’s parents wanted to keep it that way.

16. All day, Anne wrote in her diary to keep busy. Anne had to leave everything, her friends, most of her belongings, and even her pet cat. • She had only some clothes, 2 pairs of shoes, her journals, and a backpack.

18. Finding Anne • An anonymous phone call in the hot summer of 1944 which led the Gestapo and Dutch security police to the concealed annex inside the building where Anne Frank and her family had hidden for almost two years. For almost 60 years, the identity of that person is still a mystery

19. Anne’s family • Anne had an older sister named Margot Frank

20. Father: Otto Frank • Mother: Edith Frank

21. The Van Pels • The Van Pels was a family that lived with the Franks in the annex • They had a son named Peter. • Peter and Anne soon fell for each other, but they kept it a secret. • In Anne’s book, she called them the Van Daams.

22. Other Guest • Dr. Dussel: an old dentist and Anne’s roommate in the Secret Annex. He doesn’t respect Anne at all; he demands Anne’s compliance with all of his absurd wishes while never considering hers. He is generally very selfish, but he doesn’t spill the secret.

23. One day, the families heard a strange sound in the annex. The people in hiding are caught completely off guard. They have lived with the anxiety of being discovered for more than two years and now it is happening. The Nazi officers take everyone away leaving their belongings, including Anne’s diaries.

24. The Deaths • Edith Frank died of starvation at Auschwitz in January 1945. Hermann van Pels died in the gas chambers at Auschwitz soon after his arrival there in 1944; his wife is believed to have likely died at the Theresienstadt concentration camp in what is now the Czech Republic in the spring of 1945. Peter van Pels died at the Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria in May 1945. Dr. Dussel died from illness in late December 1944 at the Neuengamme concentration camp in Germany. Anne Frank’s father, Otto, was the only member of the group to survive; he was liberated from Auschwitz by Soviet troops on January 27, 1945

25. Anne Frank and her sister, Margot Frank, were eventually transferred to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, where they died of typhus in March 1945. • Anne’s story will forever be in our hearts.

28. Famous Jewish People • Albert Einstein

29. Adam Sandler

30. Others Harrison Ford Elizabeth Taylor Billy Joel Elvis Presley • Natalie Portman • Ben Stiller • Woody Allen • Steven Spielberg • Calvin Klein • Bob Dylan • Robert Downey Jr. • William Shattner