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The Seven Years' War: 1754-1763 The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 An Empire of "Freedom" The Political Climate of the Colonies The Acts of Parliament ] The Tea Party and the Coercive Acts: 1770-1774 The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Armed Conflict Begins The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775(continued) Conclusion: The Consequences of the British Parliamentary Acts ] The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 > The Seven Years' War: 1754-1763 The Seven Years' War: 1754-1763 • The French and Indian War • The Albany Congress and the Intercolonial Defense • The War and Its Consequences • Pontiac's Uprising • The Western Lands Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-colonial-crisis-1750-1775-6/the-seven-years-war-1754-1763-59/
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 > An Empire of "Freedom" An Empire of "Freedom" • Blue Water Imperialism • The Concept of Civic Duty • Classical Liberalism Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-colonial-crisis-1750-1775-6/an-empire-of-freedom-1362/
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 > The Political Climate of the Colonies The Political Climate of the Colonies • Voting in the Colonies • Colonial Government • Freedom of Expression and its Limits • The American Enlightenment Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-colonial-crisis-1750-1775-6/the-political-climate-of-the-colonies-1365/
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 > The Acts of Parliament The Acts of Parliament • The Acts of Parliament • The Sugar and Stamp Acts • Swelling Protest • The Townshend Acts • The Boston Massacre and Military Occupation Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-colonial-crisis-1750-1775-6/the-acts-of-parliament-60/
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 > The Tea Party and the Coercive Acts: 1770-1774 The Tea Party and the Coercive Acts: 1770-1774 • The Calm Before the Storm • The Boston Tea Party • The Coercive Acts • The First Continental Congress Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-colonial-crisis-1750-1775-6/the-tea-party-and-the-coercive-acts-1770-1774-62/
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 > Armed Conflict Begins Armed Conflict Begins • Lexington and Concord • The Battle of Bunker Hill • Fort Ticonderoga Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-colonial-crisis-1750-1775-6/armed-conflict-begins-63/
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 > Conclusion: The Consequences of the British Par... Conclusion: The Consequences of the British Parliamentary Acts • Conclusion: The Consequences of the British Parliamentary Acts Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-colonial-crisis-1750-1775-6/conclusion-the-consequences-of-the-british-parliamentary-acts-1499/
Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 Key terms • Adam SmithA Scottish social philosopher and a pioneer of political economy. • Albany PlanA measure proposed by Benjamin Franklin at the Albany Congress in 1754 in Albany, New York. • American EnlightenmentThe intellectual thriving period in America in the mid- to late-18th century (1715–1789). • Benedict ArnoldA general during the American Revolutionary War who originally fought for the American Continental Army but later defected to the British Army. • blue water empireA name for the British empire that stretched across the Atlantic and was characterized as "Protestant, commercial, maritime, and free." • Boston MassacreAn incident on March 5, 1770, in which British Army soldiers killed five Anglo-American colonial men and injured six others. • Boston MassacreAn incident on March 5, 1770, in which British Army soldiers killed five colonial civilian men and injured six others. • Boston MassacreAn incident on March 5, 1770, in which British Army soldiers killed five male civilians and injured six others. • Boston Tea PartyA political protest by the Sons of Liberty in Massachusetts against the British government and the monopolistic East India Company that controlled an element of trade in the colonies. • Boston Tea PartyA political protest by the Sons of Liberty in Massachusetts against the British government and the monopolistic East India Company. • British East India CompanyA 17th-century joint stock company founded to trade with India to Britain's advantage. • Charles TownshendA British politician. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 • charterA document issued by some authority, creating a public or private institution, and defining its purposes and privileges. • civicOf or relating to a citizen or citizenship. • classical liberalismA political ideology that advocates limited government, constitutionalism, rule of law, due process, free markets, and individual liberties including freedom of religion, speech, press, and assembly. • Coercive ActsA series of laws (also called the Intolerable Acts) passed by the British Parliament in 1774, relating to Britain's colonies in North America. The acts triggered outrage and resistance in the 13 colonies and were important developments in the growth of the American Revolution. • despotismA term used to describe tyranny (dominance through threat of punishment and violence), absolutism, or dictatorship (a form of government in which the ruler is not restricted by a constitution, laws, or opposition). • East India CompanyAn English, and later British, joint-stock company which traded mainly with the Indian subcontinent and Qing, China. • EnlightenmentA 17th- and 18th-century philosophical movement in European history that emphasized rationalism; also called the Age of Reason. • Ethan AllenA farmer, businessman, land speculator, philosopher, writer, American Revolutionary War patriot, and politician; he is best known as one of the founders of the state of Vermont and for the capture of Fort Ticonderoga early in the American Revolutionary War. • free marketAny economic system in which trade is unregulated; an economic system free from government intervention. • freedom of expressionThe political right to communicate one's opinions and ideas via speech. • fur tradeA worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal pelts. • General AmherstAn 18th century officer in the British Army and commander-in-chief of the forces. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 • George GrenvilleA British Whig statesman who rose to the position of Prime Minister of Great Britain. • Glorious RevolutionThe overthrow of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland and James II of Ireland) by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch William III of Orange-Nassau (William of Orange). • Green Mountain BoysA militia organization first established in the late 1760s in the territory between the British provinces of New York and New Hampshire, known as the New Hampshire Grants (which later became the state of Vermont). • John HancockA merchant, statesman, and prominent patriot of the American Revolution. • laissez-faireAn economic environment in which transactions between private parties are free from tariffs, government subsidies, and enforced monopolies, with only enough government regulations sufficient to protect property rights against theft and aggression. • metropoleThe parent-state of a colony. • minutemenMembers of teams of select men from the American colonial partisan militia during the American Revolutionary War. • Molasses Act of 1733A law passed by Parliament at the insistence of plantation owners in the British West Indies, imposing a tax of six pence per gallon of molasses. • Mutiny ActAn annual law by the Parliament of England, originally passed in 1689, that made desertion and sedition of English officers and soldiers punishable crimes. • New FranceFrance's former possessions and colonies in North America, including Quebec, Acadia, and Louisiana, before 1763. • noble train of artilleryAn expedition led by Continental Army Colonel Henry Knox to transport heavy weaponry that had been captured at Fort Ticonderoga to the Continental Army camps outside Boston, Massachusetts, during the winter of 1775–1776. • pays d'en hautA vast territory west of Montreal covering the whole of the Great Lakes north and south and stretching as far into the North American continent as the French had explored. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 • pitched battleA hostile engagement involving sustained, full-scale fighting between opposing forces in close combat. • political sphereA theater in modern societies in which political participation is enacted through the medium of talk; a realm of social life in which public opinion can be formed. • PontiacAn Ottawa leader who became famous for his role in the American Indian uprising of 1763, in which a pan-tribal coalition of American Indians resisted British military occupation of the Great Lakes region following the British victory in the French and Indian War. • quarteringThe provision of lodging or other accommodations. • Quartering ActsLaws of the Parliament of Great Britain ordering the local governments of the American colonies to provide housing and provisions for British soldiers. • Royal Proclamation of 1763An act issued by King George III following Great Britain's acquisition of French territory in North America after the end of the French and Indian War; it established limits to colonization west of the Appalachian mountains. • Samuel AdamsAn American statesman, political philosopher, and one of the founding fathers of the United States. • Samuel AdamsAn American statesman, political philosopher, and one of the founding fathers of the United States. • Second Continental CongressA convention of delegates from the 13 colonies that started meeting on May 10, 1775, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, soon after warfare in the American Revolutionary War had begun. • seditious libelCriminal offences under English common law; overt conduct, manifested in printed forms of communication, that is deemed by the legal authority to tend toward insurrection against the established order. • Seven Years' WarA global military war between 1756 and 1763 involving most of the great powers of the time and affecting Europe, North America, Central America, the West African coast, India, and the Philippines. • Siege of BostonThe opening phase of the American Revolutionary War, in which New England militiamen—who later became part of the Continental Army—surrounded the town in Massachusetts to prevent movement by the British Army garrisoned within. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 • Sons of LibertyA political group made up of American patriots; it originated in the pre-independence North American British colonies. • Sons of LibertyAn organization of American colonists that was created in the 13 American colonies; the secret society formed to protect the rights of the colonists and to fight taxation by the British government. • Sons of LibertyAn organization of American colonists that was created in the 13 American colonies to protect the rights of the colonists and fight taxation by the British government. • speculatorsA person who engages in commercial or financial purchasing of a good (or land) with the hope that it will become more valuable at a future date. • Sugar ActA revenue-raising law passed by the Parliament of Great Britain on April 5, 1764. • Thomas GageA British general best known for his many years of service in North America, including his role as military commander in the early days of the American Revolution. • Thomas GageA British general, best known for his many years of service in North America, including his role as military commander in the early days of the American Revolution. • Thomas HutchinsonA businessman, historian, and prominent Loyalist politician of the Province of Massachusetts Bay in the years before the American Revolution. • Treaty of ParisA peace agreement signed in 1763 that ended the Seven Years' War, or the French and Indian War; also the name for a peace agreement signed in 1783 that ended the American Revolutionary War and recognized the United States' independence. • Treaty of ParisSigned in 1763, a peace agreement that ended the French and Indian War in North America; also the name for the peace agreement that ended the American Revolutionary War in 1783. • Two Treatises of GovernmentA work of political philosophy published anonymously in 1689 by John Locke. • William PrescottAn American colonel in the Revolutionary War who commanded the rebel forces in the Battle of Bunker Hill. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 Map of the French and Indian War Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."French_and_indian_war_map.svg.png."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_and_Indian_War#/media/File:French_and_indian_war_map.svgView on Boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 Conference between the French and American Indian leaders around a ceremonial fire by Vernier This is a scene from the French and Indian War (1754–1763), depicting the alliance of French and American Indian forces. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Conference Between the French and Indian Leaders Around a Ceremonial Fire by Vernier."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Conference_Between_the_French_and_Indian_Leaders_Around_a_Ceremonial_Fire_by_Vernier.jpgView on Boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 John Locke John Locke is often credited with the creation of liberalism as a philosophical tradition. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."JohnLocke."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JohnLocke.pngView on Boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 The Albany Congress The mural depicts some of the delegates (from left to right): William Franklin and his father, Benjamin (Pennsylvania); Governor Thomas Hutchinson (Massachusetts); Governor William Delancey (New York); Sir William Johnson (Massachusetts); and Colonel Benjamin Tasker (Maryland). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Albany Congress."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Albany_Congress.jpegView on Boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 Treaty of Hubertusburg An image of the 1763 peace settlement reached at the Treaty of Hubertusburg ending the Seven Years' War in central Europe. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."0px-hubertusburg-allegorie.jpeg."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hubertusburg_Allegorie.jpgView on Boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 "Join, or Die" by Benjamin Franklin "Join, or Die" by Benjamin Franklin is a woodcut showing a snake cut into eighths, with each segment labeled with the initials of one of the American colonies or regions. The cartoon was used in the French and Indian War to symbolize that the colonies needed to join together with Great Britain to defeat the French and Indians. It later became a symbol of colonial freedom during the American Revolutionary War. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."1280px-Benjamin_Franklin_-_Join_or_Die.jpg."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Benjamin_Franklin_-_Join_or_Die.jpgView on Boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 The British American colonies in 1763 This map shows the status of the American colonies in 1763, after the end of the French and Indian War. Although Great Britain won control of the territory east of the Mississippi, the Proclamation Line of 1763 prohibited British colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains. (credit: modification of work by the National Atlas of the United States) Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Open Stax."CNX_History_05_01_MapProclam.jpg."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/contents/p7ovuIkl@3.30:9tVm5_Xq@3/Confronting-the-National-Debt-View on Boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 Pontiac's Rebellion In a famous council on April 27, 1763, depicted in this 19th century engraving by Alfred Bobbet, Pontiac urged listeners rise up against the British. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Pontiac's Rebellion."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac's_RebellionView on Boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 Sugarcane lithograph by Theodore Bray This 19th century lithograph depicts colonial sugarcane plantations in the Caribbean. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Tropenmuseum Royal Tropical Institute Objectnumber 3581-33h Ingekleurde litho voorstellende de oo."CC BYhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tropenmuseum_Royal_Tropical_Institute_Objectnumber_3581-33h_Ingekleurde_litho_voorstellende_de_oo.jpgView on Boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 Adam Smith Adam Smith was a Scottish moral philosopher, pioneer of political economy, and a key figure in the Scottish Enlightenment. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."330px-Adam_Smith_The_Muir_portrait.jpg."Public domainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_SmithView on Boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 Savannah, Georgia Widespread participation in both colonial and local community governments was widespread among free white males in the 18th century. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."SavannahColony."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SavannahColony.JPGView on Boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 Sir William Cosby, Governor of New York Cosby was attacked by Zenger's paper for his actions while governor of New York. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Wimbit-viceroyCosby."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wimbit-viceroyCosby.jpgView on Boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 The Zenger Trial Depiction of Alexander Hamilton defending Zenger Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Wimbit-zelger."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wimbit-zelger.jpgView on Boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 John Locke John Locke is often credited for the creation of liberalism as a philosophical tradition. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."johnlocke.png."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JohnLocke.pngView on Boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 Map of Boston, 1775 Detail of a 1775 map of Boston, with Dorchester Heights at the bottom right: "A plan of the town and harbour of Boston and the country adjacent with the road from Boston to Concord, shewing the place of the late engagement between the King's troops & the provincials, together with the several encampments of both armies in & about Boston. Taken from an actual survey. Humbly inscribed to Richd. Whitworth by J. De Costa; C. Hall, sc." Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Fortification of Dorchester Heights."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boston_1775.jpgView on Boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 George Grenville Portrait of George Grenville Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."George Grenville."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grenville%23Prime_minister,View on Boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 Thomas Gage "Thomas Gage," oil on canvas, by the American artist John Singleton Copley. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Thomas Gage."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_GageView on Boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 Portrait of Samuel Adams Samuel Adams was a leader in the colonial opposition of Stamp Act. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Stamp Act 1765."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stamp_Act_1765%23Protests_in_the_streetsView on Boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 Charles Townshend Charles Townshend spearheaded the Townshend Acts but died before their detrimental effects became apparent. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Townshend Acts."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Townshend_ActsView on Boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 Flag of the Songs of Liberty The Sons of Liberty flag had five vertical red stripes interspersed by four white stripes. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Sons of liberty."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sons_of_libertyView on Boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 A view of the town of Boston in New England and British ships of war landing their troops in 1768 Paul Revere's engraving of British troops landing in Boston. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Townshend Acts."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Townshend_ActsView on Boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 Thomas Hutchinson Thomas Hutchinson, governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Thomas Hutchinson (governor)."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hutchinson_(governor)View on Boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 Depiction of the Boston Massacre by Paul Revere A sensationalized portrayal of the skirmish, later to become known as the "Boston Massacre," between British soldiers and citizens of Boston on March 5, 1770. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Boston Massacre."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_MassacreView on Boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 The Congress An opening prayer at the First Continental Congress, September 7, 1774, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Continental Congress prayer."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Continental_Congress_prayer.jpgView on Boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 Paul Revere's Midnight Ride A depiction of the midnight ride of Paul Revere. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."American Revolution/Lexington and Concord."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paul_Revere%27s_ride.jpgView on Boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 The Battle of Lexington Engraving of the Battle of Lexington in 1775. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."American Revolution/Lexington and Concord."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Battleoflexingtonengraving.jpgView on Boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 Lord North Lord North, seen here in Portrait of Frederick North, Lord North (1773–1774), painted by Nathaniel Dance, was prime minister at the time of the passage of the Tea Act. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Open Stax."CNX_History_05_04_North.jpg."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/contents/p7ovuIkl@3.30:Q_42y05v@3/The-Destruction-of-the-Tea-andView on Boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 "Americans throwing Cargoes of the Tea Ships into the River, at Boston" 1789 engraving of the destruction of the tea in Boston Harbor. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Boston Tea Party."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Tea_PartyView on Boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 “The Able Doctor, or America Swallowing the Bitter Draught” (London Magazine, May 1, 1774) The artist of this image targets select members of Parliament as the perpetrators of a devilish scheme to overturn the constitution; this is why Mother Britannia weeps. Note that this cartoon came from a British publication; Great Britain was not united in support of Parliament’s policies toward the American colonies. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Open Stax."CNX_History_05_04_Draught.jpg."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/contents/p7ovuIkl@3.30:Q_42y05v@3/The-Destruction-of-the-Tea-andView on Boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 Carpenter's Hall The First Continental Congress met briefly in Carpenter's Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from September 5–October 26, 1774. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Carpenters Hall North (front) facade HABS PA,51-PHILA 229-4."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Carpenters_Hall_North_(front)_facade_HABS_PA,51-PHILA_229-4.jpgView on Boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 The Battle of Bunker Hill by John Trumball This painting illustrates the death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker Hill. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Battle of Bunker Hill."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_death_of_general_warren_at_the_battle_of_bunker_hill.jpgView on Boundless.com
The Colonial Crisis: 1750–1775 Ethan Allen at Fort Ticonderoga An 1875 print by John Steeple Davis giving an idealized and inaccurate depiction of Ethan Allen demanding the fort's surrender. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Capture of Fort Ticonderoga."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EthanAllenTiconderogaByJSDavis.jpegView on Boundless.com