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Greg Jennings, PhD, PE Professor, Biological & Agricultural Engineering

BAE 579: Stream Restoration Lesson 4: Stream Restoration Planning. Greg Jennings, PhD, PE Professor, Biological & Agricultural Engineering North Carolina State University jennings@ncsu.edu. Why Restoration?. Water quality impairments Habitat loss Ecosystem degradation Land loss

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Greg Jennings, PhD, PE Professor, Biological & Agricultural Engineering

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  1. BAE 579: Stream Restoration Lesson 4: Stream Restoration Planning Greg Jennings, PhD, PE Professor, Biological & Agricultural Engineering North Carolina State University jennings@ncsu.edu

  2. Why Restoration? • Water quality impairments • Habitat loss • Ecosystem degradation • Land loss • Safety concerns • Infrastructure damage • Flooding • Aesthetics

  3. Stream Insults • Straightening & dredging • Floodplain filling • Watershed manipulation • Sedimentation & stormwater • Pollution discharges • Utilities & culverts • Buffer removal • Disdain & neglect

  4. Ecosystem Restoration • Activities that initiate or accelerate the recovery of ecosystem health, integrity, and sustainability (SER, 2004).

  5. Standards for ecologically successful river restoration Palmer et al., Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 42, 208–217 the design of an ecological river restoration project should be based on a specified guiding image of a more dynamic, healthy river that could exist at the site the river’s ecological condition must be measurably improved the river system must be more self-sustaining and resilient to external perturbations so that only minimal follow-up maintenance is needed during the construction phase, no lasting harm should be inflicted on the ecosystem both pre- and post-assessment must be completed and data made publicly available

  6. Outcomes of Ecosystem Restoration • Habitats • Water quality • Natural flow regimes • Recreation & aesthetics

  7. What NOT to do: • Ignore habitat • Ignore stream processes • Prevent natural adjustment

  8. Restoration Components Channel morphology & floodplain connection In-stream structures Streambank bioengineering Riparian buffers & habitat enhancements Stream crossings Stormwater/watershed management Monitoring & maintenance Public access & education

  9. High-quality “reference” streams serve as design templates

  10. Bankfull Stage: Water fills the active channel and begins to spread onto the floodplain Stream Corridor Restoration: Principles, Processes, and Practices. 1998. Federal Interagency Stream Restoration Working Group.

  11. Natural Stream Channel Stability (from Leopold) • River has a stable dimension, pattern and profile • Maintains channel features (riffles, pools, steps) • Does not aggrade (fills) or degrade (erodes)

  12. Channel Morphology & Floodplain Connection Priority 1. Raise channel to existing valley and construct new meandering channel 2006 Town Creek Tributary 2008

  13. Town Creek Tributary 2008

  14. Priority 1. Raise channel to existing valley and construct new meandering channel 2005 S. Fork Mitchell River 2005

  15. S. Fork Mitchell River 2008 2006

  16. Before Restoration Worley Creek Watauga Co, NC Priority 1 After Restoration

  17. Former stream alignment

  18. Yates Mill Creek Tributary Wake Co, NC Priority 1

  19. Purlear Creek Trib: 7% slope Wilkes Co, NC

  20. Priority 1 Priority 2

  21. Priority 2. Excavate lower floodplain and construct new meandering channel 2007 Cary Walnut Creek Tributary 2008

  22. Cary Walnut Creek Tributary 2008

  23. Priority 2. Excavate lower floodplain and construct new meandering channel 2005 NCSU Rocky Branch 2007

  24. NCSU Rocky Branch T.S. Fay 27Aug08 T.S. Alberto 15Jun06

  25. Hewletts Creek Trib: Wilmington, NC Golf Course Priority 2

  26. Year 1 Year 3

  27. Little Garvin Creek Clemson, SC Piedmont Rural October 2002

  28. November 2002

  29. March 2003 March 2003 September 2003

  30. Priority 3. Excavate floodplain benches and add structures to maintain straight channel 2000 NCSU Rocky Branch 2001

  31. NCSU Rocky Branch 2008

  32. Design Criteria Selection From Will Harman, Baker Engineering

  33. Reference Reach Versus Design Reach Stream restoration project immediately after construction; floodplain devoid of vegetation Reference reach with mature forest From Will Harman, Baker Engineering

  34. Reference Reach Pattern From Will Harman, Baker Engineering

  35. Reference Reach: • Upstream/downstream • Same watershed • Similar watershed • Historical photos From Will Harman, Baker Engineering

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