Throwlike and Pushlike Movement Patterns (source: Kreighbaum 1996 ed, pp 335-355)

1. Throwlike and Pushlike Movement Patterns (source: Kreighbaum 1996 ed, pp 335-355) • Usual objectives of throw and push patterns • projection of objects for greatest horiz or vert dist • ex : javelin, discus, shotput • projection of objects for accuracy with speed a factor • ex: volleyball, tennis, racquetball, baseball pitch • Movement pattern terminology review • Throwing patterns are further defined as underarm, sidearm, or overarm (See Table on slide 2) • Skills listed under each pattern differ because of constraints • ex: rules governing implement or ball, rules governing target. • Open and Closed chain movements • Open kinetic chain - sequential segmental action, end segment isfreeto move (e.g., baseball pitch) • Closed kinetic chain - simultaneous end segment movement, end segment meets with “considerable resistance “ (e.g., shot put)

2. Common movement patterns (Table J.1, p 336)

3. Understanding questions on segmental movement concepts and terminology • List three general movement patterns and one sport skill under each pattern. • How does one distinguish between a movement pattern and a spot skill? • List one sport skill using an overarm, an underarm, and a sidearm parttern. • List two open kinetic chain activities. • List two closed kinetic chain activities. • What is the difference between an open skill and an open kinetic chain activity? • What is the difference between a closed skill and a closed kinetic chain activity?

4. Throw-like patterns • Characteristics of throw-like patterns • can be a strike or a kick • high end-point velocity is critical • sequential segmental action, object lags behind elbow and/or shoulder • Open kinetic link model – see slides 6 & 7 • Linear motion of a point on a rotating segment: V = r • Sequencing segmental rotations - kinetic link principle • system has a base and a free open end • segmental masses progressively decrease • an external torque is applied at the base to initiate the movement • segmental rotational acceleration is timed sequentially • A model of an open kinetic link system – See slide 9 • Throwlike movements performed while in the air – See slide 10

5. Understanding questions on sequential segmental rotations • Which of the following activities does the open kinetic link principle applies: soccer punt, golf swing, jab in boxing, back handspring takeoff, hammering a nail, hammer throw, football pass, bowling. • State three principles that relate to the use of body segments in generating velocity on the open end of the open kinetic chain. • How does the radius of gyration relate to throwing an object or swinging an implement? • Describe the differences in the radius of gyration and the radius of rotation in relation to throwlike movements. Relate those to linear and angular velocity.

6. Three-segment kinetic link model

7. Three-segment model: (Fig j.2, p 339)

8. Whip-like action of segmental system

10. Three-segment model when airborne:

11. Throwing motion (sequential)

12. Segmental sequence when throwing

13. Pushlike Movements • Pushlike patterns - Simultaneous segmental actions • Objective is accuracy, or large motive force • Distal segments move simultaneously, resulting in rectilinear movement of distal segment • Four differences in throw and push (p 350). In throws: • distal segment “lags back”, segments move sequentially, object moves curvilinearly, wheel-axle movements (shoulder and hip rotation) involved • Movements lie on a throw-push continuum, the location depending on constraints of performer and object: • performer strength and skill • object mass, size, and shape

14. Understanding questions on pushlike and throwlike patterns • What four factors distinguish a pushlike pattern from a throwlike pattern? • List five constraints of the activity, equipment, or performers that would have the effect of putting a pushlike element into an otherwise ideal throwlike pattern. • List three skills that are not throws per se but that use the upper extremity in a throwlike pattern. • List three skills that use the upper or lower extremity in a pushlike pattern.

15. Pushing Motions

16. Development of throwing motion Step with opposite leg Push with arm shoulder rotation Step with leg on same side