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CA 272 - Professional Web Site Development

CA 272 - Professional Web Site Development. Class 2: Anatomy of a Web Site and Web Page & Intro to HTML. Review - the Process. Client opens browser, Internet connection Type URL or click link Browser queries name server(s) for IP address Browser establishes HTTP connection with Web server

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CA 272 - Professional Web Site Development

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  1. CA 272 - Professional Web Site Development Class 2: Anatomy of a Web Site and Web Page & Intro to HTML

  2. Review - the Process • Client opens browser, Internet connection • Type URL or click link • Browser queries name server(s) for IP address • Browser establishes HTTP connection with Web server • Browser sends GET request for Web page

  3. Process - continued • Web server processes request (connect with Web application server, database, etc.) • Server responds to browser with status code and message • Various files sent via HTTP connections • Browser receives data and begins to render Web page / executes any JavaScript • HTTP connections closed

  4. Anatomy of a Web Site • Files organized into folders on a Web server • Includes: • HTML files (Web pages) • ‘replaced elements’ - images, audio/video, Flash, etc. • Linked files related to display or function of page (e.g., external style sheets, JavaScript files) • Folder structure like a tree

  5. Anatomy of a Web Page • What kind of elements do we see on Web pages …?

  6. Anatomy of a Web Page • What kind of elements do we see on Web pages …? • text • images • links • multimedia (audio/video/animation) • forms • buttons • frames

  7. Anatomy of a Web Page • Web pages consist of two parts: • <head> section - information about the page • <body> section - actual content of page

  8. Anatomy of a Web Page • Head section contains internal info we mostly cannot see: • Document title • metadata • scripts – e.g., JavaScript • links to external style sheets and scripts • comments – notes by the programmer • all but comments and scripting are in head section

  9. Intro to HTML - Hypertext Markup Language • HTML forms the basis for all Web pages • HTML is a markup language - not a programming language • no logic or procedures • no methods/actions

  10. Markup Languages • Markup languages describe document’s structure and formatting • Markup example - a book

  11. Intro to HTML • HTML is a markup language for the Web • Everything on Web page must be labeled as HTML element - also called ‘tags’ • HTML elements - chunk of Web page content • E.g., paragraph or image

  12. Anatomy of an HTML Tag • HTML element • start tag • attribute – value pair * • content * • end tag * not all elements have these By Aapo Laitinen for Wikipedia, “HTML Element”

  13. HTML Elements • Start and end tags enclosed in <> brackets • Attribute is property of content (e.g., width of an image) • Element may contain: • Text • Other elements • Nothing

  14. HTML Tags • Fixed set of tags - about 80 • Text only • Tags are often nested within other tags • Document tree (Document Object Model) • Parents • Children • Siblings

  15. Whose Language? • Who’s in charge of HTML? • created by Tim Berners-Lee • formalized into specification in 1990s by Internet Engineering Task Force (under ISOC – international organization on Internet) • since 1996, specification maintained by World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and its HTML Working Group • W3C is consortium of 400+ industry organizations

  16. (X)HTML Specifications • W3C specifications: • HTML 4.0 published in 1997 • HTML 4.0.1 published in 1999 • now focused on XHTML • XHTML specifications • first published by W3C in January 2000 • now working on XHTML 2.0 and successor to HTML

  17. Block vs Inline Elements • block-level elements: • generate new block (new line) on page • structural pieces of page • can contain block or inline elements • inline elements: • occur within line • may be content-related or formatting • may only contain other inline elements (if at all)

  18. Common HTML Elements • Paragraph: <p> (block element) • Headings 1 - 6: <h1> - <h6> (block elements) • Image: <img> (inline element) • Anchor: <a> (inline element) • Link: <a href=http://www.google.com> • Bold: <b> or <strong> (inline element) • Italics: <i> or <em> (inline element)

  19. Intro to HTML • Web page structural elements: • <html> • <head> • <body> • Bare minimum for Web page

  20. Homework • Read chapter 1 of Visual QuickStart Guide • Read sections 2.5 and 3.1 in Web Development and Design Foundations

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