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Current developments in SDIs an overview

Current developments in SDIs an overview . Ian Masser. Presentation. Four parts What is a SDI? The SDI phenomenon A global overview of SDIs Emerging trends. Part I What is a SDI?. The GSDI definition

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Current developments in SDIs an overview

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  1. Current developments in SDIs an overview Ian Masser

  2. Presentation • Four parts • What is a SDI? • The SDI phenomenon • A global overview of SDIs • Emerging trends

  3. Part I What is a SDI? • The GSDI definition • “The Global Spatial Data Infrastructure supports ready global access to geographic information. This is achieved through the coordinated actions of nations and organisations that promote awareness and implementation of complimentary policies, common standards and effective mechanisms for the development and availability of interoperable digital geographic data and technologies to support decision making at all scales for multiple purposes.”

  4. Four main components • Overriding objective to maximise the use of national geographic information assets • This requires some form of coordinated action on the part of government • It must be user driven ‘to support decision making at all scales for multiple purposes’ • This involves a wide range of activities including technical and institutional matters and human resource development

  5. Part 2 The diffusion of SDIs • My paper on the first generation of SDIs compared 11 NSDIs that were operational in 1996 • Harlan Onsrud’s survey for the GSDI listed 48 responses from countries that were considering SDIs in 2000 • Joep Crompvoets claims that 120 countries are considering SDIs – ie more than half the countries in the world

  6. Onsrud’s survey findings • 48 countries reported SDI progress between 1998 and 2000 • Geographical spread • Europe - 13 • Americas - 21 • Asia and the Pacific - 13 • Africa - 1

  7. A SDI phenomenon? • These survey findings suggest that a critical mass of SDI users has been built up throughout the world • A product of the last ten years • Needs a word of caution • Considering not necessarily doing • Doing not necessarily everything • But a phenomenon nevertheless

  8. Part 3 A global overview of SDIs • Europe • The Americas • Asia and the Pacific • Africa • Note –sources vary and some players omitted

  9. Europe • Distinction between Western and Eastern European countries in terms of wealth • Proliferation of studies of SDIs linked to European Commission concerns • SDIs classified into • National data producer led • Users involved versus no users involved • Non national data producer led • Formal mandate versus no formal mandate

  10. SDI State of play in Europe in spring 2003 National Data Producer led Users involved Operational Denmark, Finland, Hungary, Iceland, Norway, Sweden Partially operational Austria, Czech Republic, Poland Not operational Greece, Luxembourg Users not involved Operational Slovenia Partially operational Lithuania Not operational Estonia, Latvia, Malta, Slovakia Not National Data Producer led Formal mandate Operational Belgium (Flanders), Germany, Portugal, Switzerland Partially operational Ireland, Italy Not operational None No formal mandate Operational Netherlands, United Kingdom Partially operational Belgium (Wallonia) Not operational Spain, France

  11. The Americas • Distinction between Northern and Southern America (and Caribbean) in terms of wealth and resources • SDIs classified according to • Countries with a formal mandate • Countries with no formal mandate

  12. Status of SDI in the Americas in 2000 Countries with Countries without formal mandate formal mandate Argentina Brazil Cuba Bolivia Guatemala Canada Mexico Chile Dominican Republic Colombia USA Costa Rica Ecuador El Salvador Honduras Jamaica Nicaragua Panama Peru Uruguay Venezuela

  13. Asia and the Pacific • The largest and most diverse region of all • In terms of wealth • Rich countries - Australia, Japan and Korea • Poor countries - Nepal • In terms of size • Very large countries – China and India • Very small countries – island countries in the Indian and Pacific oceans • Difficult to make generalisations

  14. Mapping agencies in Asia and Pacific countries Australia Geoscience Australia Hong Kong Survey and Mapping Office, Land Department Islamic Republic of Iran National Cartographic Centre Japan Geographic Survey Institute Kiribati Land Management Division Laos National Geographic Department Macau Direcao dos servicos da Cartografia e Cadastre Malaysia Department of Survey and Mapping Maldives Ministry of Construction and Public Works Mongolia State Administration of Geodesy & Cartography Nepal Survey Department New Zealand Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) Republic of Palau Bureau of Lands and Surveys Peoples Republic of China State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping Singapore Survey Department Solomon Islands Survey & Mapping department Tuvalu Lands and Survey department

  15. Africa • Distinction between north and sub saharan countries • Latter includes some of world’s poorest countries • Strong environmental/regional dimension • Problems of political support • Reflected in funding – role of international donor agencies

  16. SDI initiatives in Africa in 2003 Algeria National Council for Geographic Information Benin Environmental Information and Monitoring System Botswana National GIS Coordination Committee Burkina Faso Programme National de Gestion de L'Information sur le Milieu Ethiopia Ethiopian Spatial Data Infrastructure Ghana National Framework for Geospatial Information in Ghana Ivory Coast National Committee for Remote Sensing and Geog. Inf. Kenya National Spatial Data Infrastructure Lesotho Committee on Environmental Data Management Madagascar Association Réseau Système d'Information sur l'Environnement Malawi Malawi Geographical Information Council Mali Le Conseil interministériel d'information géographique Namibia Environmental Monitoring and Indicators Network Nigeria National Geospatial Information Infrastructure Senegal Groupe de Travail Inter-institutionnel South Africa National Spatial Information Framework Tanzania National GIS Interim Steering Committee Togo Togo Geodata Tunisia Schéma national de géomatique Uganda Uganda Spatial Data Infrastructure Zambia Environmental Information Network and Monitoring System

  17. Common elements • Co-ordination • Given the large number of data sets produced by different producers at different times for different purposes • Core data sets • Given the need for a common framework of core reference data sets • Metadata • Given the need to be able to find out what data exists and what format is used and what is its currency

  18. Similar driving forces • Growing importance of geographic information within an information society • The need for governments to coordinate data acquisition and availability • ‘GI is crucial to promote economic development, improve our stewardship of resources and to protect the environment’(Clinton Executive Order) • Other factors • Opportunities created by recent technological developments eg WWW and LBS • Modernising government - eGovernment

  19. Differences in the institutional context • Variations in size and population • US 1000 times the size of Qatar • Differences in wealth • Both developed and less developed countries • Contrasting systems of government • Federal systems with varying degrees of devolution of responsibilities for GI • Non federal systems where most of GI responsibilities dealt with centrally

  20. Differences in approach • National data producer led • Degree of user involvement – central government (USA), public sector (Australia), multi sector (Canada) • Non national data producer led • Need for formal mandate - Chile and the USA. India and South Africa? • Outgrowth of existing coordination activities - Australia and the Netherlands

  21. Part 4 Major trends • The second generation of SDIs began around 2000 • Two main features • Important shifts in emphasis within SDI development • The emergence of a global to local hierarchy of SDIs

  22. Shifts in SDI development • Shift from product to process model • From data producers to data users • From database creation to data sharing • From centralised to decentralised structures • Shift from formulation to implementation • From coordination to governance • From single to multi level participation • From existing to new organisational structures

  23. A hierarchy of SDIs • Global and regional SDIs • Global and regional forums for collaboration and the exchange of ideas and experiences • National SDIs • Strategic initiatives concerned with the management of national information assets • Local SDIs • Municipal and provincial initiatives concerned with the operational needs of day to day decision making

  24. Achievements so far • The creation of a critical mass of users • Process of regional and global institution building complete • Growing body of SDI related literature and research • First major intergovernmental initiative – EU INSPIRE draft Directive published July 2004

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