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Chapter 4 Linear motion

Chapter 4 Linear motion. 1) You can describe the motion of an object by its position, speed, direction and acceleration. 2) Distance is a scalar. Distance is “how much ground is covered” during motion. .

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Chapter 4 Linear motion

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  1. Chapter 4 Linear motion

  2. 1) You can describe the motion of an object by its position, speed, direction and acceleration

  3. 2) Distance is a scalar. Distance is “how much ground is covered” during motion.

  4. 3) Displacement is a vector Displacement is DX “final position – initial position”

  5. 4) Motion is relative.An object is moving if its position relative to a fixed point is changing.

  6. 5)Example: A crate on a train traveling at 20 m/sec. The crate is at rest wrt the train.But the crate is moving 20 m/sec relative to the ground.

  7. 6) Unless stated otherwise, we measure speed relative to the Earth.

  8. 7) Speed is how fast an object is moving. Speed is a scalar quantity.

  9. 8) From motion experiments, Galileo defined Speed = distance/timeBefore Galileo, motion was simply described as “fast” or “slow”

  10. 9) Instantaneous speed is the speed at any instant.10) A speedometer shows instantaneous speed.

  11. 11) Average speed = total distance time interval

  12. 12) Velocity = speed in a given direction. Velocity is a vector quantity.

  13. 13) Constant velocity = means same speedin same straight-line direction.

  14. 14) Changing velocity : if either the speed changes or the direction changesor both change

  15. 15) Acceleration is the rate of change of velocityacceleration is a vector.16) acceleration = change of velocity time interval

  16. 17) Deceleration = decrease in acceleration

  17. 18)Acceleration is due to change in direction of moving object

  18. 19) Accelaration for object in a straight line = change in speedtime interval

  19. Free fall

  20. 20) projectile: an object that moves only under the influence of gravity.21) Free fall = object falling under influence of gravity.

  21. 22) When we talk about free fall, we ignore air resistance.

  22. 23) Acceleration of object in free fall is about g= 10 meters/sec2

  23. 24) 6 kinematic variables in y and xy xyoxo vyvxvoyVoxay axt t

  24. 25)For object moving only in y direction, Y = final position in y directionYo = initial position in y directionVoy = initial velocity in y directionVfy = final velocity in y directionay = -gt = time elapsed

  25. 26) What is meant by “-g”?The object is accelerating in the negative direction

  26. 27) For object moving only in x direction x = final position in x directionxo= initial position in x directionVox= initial velocity in x directionVfx= final velocity in x directionay = acceleration in x directiont = time elapsed

  27. 27) Kinematic Equations y = yo + vot + ½ a t2V = vo + atx = xo + vot + ½ a t2V = vo + at

  28. 28) For An object dropped from height h in free fall, equations simplify y = h - ½ g t2V = -gt

  29. 26) Rising objects: an object thrown straight up will slow down, stop and fall back down

  30. 27) At the highest point, the vertical velocity is zero.

  31. 28) Projectile motions

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