The 13 British Colonies (1689–1754)

1. The 13 British Colonies(1689–1754) OwlTeacher.com

2. The English Civil War • ____________________________________________________________________. • It had the power to make laws and approve new taxes. • ____________________________________________________________________. • Parliament saw this as an attempt to limit its power and the rights of English property owners. OwlTeacher.com

3. Parliament’s forces defeated and executed King Charles in 1649. • __________________________________________________________________. • In 1660, Parliament restored the _________ by placing Charles II, the son of Charles I, on the throne. OwlTeacher.com

4. Mercantilism Theory of Mercantilism • A country should try to get and keep as much bullion, or gold and silver, as possible. • _______________________________________________________________________________________________. OwlTeacher.com

5. Mercantilism Effects on War and Politics • ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. • If colonists wanted to sell goods to other parts of the world, they had to pay a duty, or tax, on it. OwlTeacher.com

6. Mercantilism Effects on Trade Laws • European countries fought over territory and trade routes. • British rulers tightened controls over the American colonies. • __________________________________________________________________________. OwlTeacher.com

7. Mercantilism Anger in the Colonies • Colonists resented James’s grab for power. • They were angry with the governor of the Dominion that James had appointed. • ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ OwlTeacher.com

8. Britain’s Colonial Policy in the Early 1700s Origins of Self-Government • In theory, _________________________ ___________________________________. • In reality, the colonial legislatures held the most power. • ____________________________________________________________________. • They set salaries for royal officials and influenced appointments of local officials. OwlTeacher.com

9. Salutary Neglect • __________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________. OwlTeacher.com

10. This British policy, known as _____ ________________, had three causes: • England had a long tradition of _______________________________________________________. • British government lacked the __________ to enforce its wishes. • Britain gave the colonies freedom _______________________________________________________. OwlTeacher.com

11. Diverse Colonial Economies Southern Colonies • This economy was based on staple crops—crops that are in constant demand. • _________________________________________________ ___________________. OwlTeacher.com

12. Diverse Colonial Economies Middle Colonies • The economy of the Middle Colonies was a mixture of _____________ and ______________________________. • Rich, fertile soil produced wheat, barley, and rye. • _______________________________________________________________________. OwlTeacher.com

13. Diverse Colonial Economies New England Colonies • The New England economy relied on “___________________________.” • Merchants carried crops and goods from one place to another. • _______________________________________________________________________________________. OwlTeacher.com

14. Colonial Society • American colonists brought many ideas and customs from Europe. • Most colonists believed: • ________________________________. • ________________________________. • ________________________________. OwlTeacher.com

15. The differences between social ranks could be seen in ___________________ _________________________________. • Ordinary people wore dresses or plain pants and shirts. • ___________________________________________________________________________________________________. • Gentry— men and women wealthy enough to hire others to work for them OwlTeacher.com

16. Wealth in Land • For English colonists, land was the foundation for real wealth. • Most landowners were _______________. • ______________________________________________________________________________________________________. • In each colony, a small group of elite, landowning men dominated politics. OwlTeacher.com

17. Artisans • ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. • Artisans made silver products, cabinets, tinware, pottery, and glassware. Trades and Occupations OwlTeacher.com

18. Printers • Colonial printers were considered ____________________________________________________________. • __________________________, one of America’s most famous printers, published Poor Richard’s Almanac. • An almanac is a book containing information such as calendars, weather predictions, and advice. OwlTeacher.com

19. Farmers • ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. OwlTeacher.com

20. Fisher-men • Fish was dried, salted, and shipped out from harbor cities. • _____________________________________________________________. OwlTeacher.com

21. Indentured Servants • Many immigrants came to the colonies as _____________________________. OwlTeacher.com

22. Colonial Women Women and the Law • Under English common law, a husband had complete control over his wife. • Women could not • _______________________________. • _______________________________. • _______________________________. • _______________________________. • Husbands were allowed to beat their wives. OwlTeacher.com

23. Women’s Duties • Cooking • Gardening • Washing • Cleaning • Weaving cloth • Sewing • __________________________________ • __________________________________ OwlTeacher.com

24. The Nature of Work • __________________________________________________________________________________________. • Self-sufficient— able to make everything needed to maintain itself OwlTeacher.com

25. ____________________________________________________________________.____________________________________________________________________. • Men grew crops, or made goods like shoes, guns, and candles. • ____________________________________________________________________. • Children helped both parents. OwlTeacher.com

26. Colonial Education • During colonial times, children received very little formal education. • ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. OwlTeacher.com

27. In 1647, Massachusetts passed a law requiring towns to set up grammar schools for boys. • Girls were expected to ________________ __________________________________. • Generally, __________________ attended college, where they trained to be lawyers or ministers. • Harvard, Yale, and William and Mary were the only three colleges in the colonies until the 1740s. OwlTeacher.com

28. The Middle Passage • _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________. • This term also refers to the ______________________ of slaves from Africa to the Americas. OwlTeacher.com

29. Roughly 10 to 40 percent of Africans on slave trips died in the crossing. • __________________________________________________________________________________________. • Occasionally enslaved Africans staged a mutiny, or revolt, on the slave ships. • Many of these were successful. OwlTeacher.com

30. Slavery in the Colonies South Carolina and Georgia • ___________________________ made slave conditions especially harsh in this region. • ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________. • Southern slaves kept their culture alive through their speech, crafts, and music. OwlTeacher.com

31. Slavery in the Colonies Virginia and Maryland • _____________________________________________________________________________. • Few of those slaves came directly from Africa. • _____________________________________________________________________________. • There was more integration of European American and African American cultures than in South Carolina and Georgia. • To save money, slave-owners encouraged slaves to have families. OwlTeacher.com

32. Slavery in the Colonies New England and the Middle Colonies • _________________________________________________________________________. • Slaves had more freedom to choose their occupations. • _________________________________________________________________________. • They also worked as skilled artisans, dockworkers, merchant sailors, fishermen, whalers, privateers, lumberjacks, and in manufacturing. OwlTeacher.com

33. New England Colonies Middle Colonies Southern Colonies Year 1690 950 2,472 13,307 1700 1,680 3,661 22,476 1710 2,585 6,218 36,063 1720 3,956 10,825 54,058 1730 6,118 11,683 73,220 1740 8,541 16,452 125,031 1750 10,982 20,736 204,702 Estimated African American Population, 1690–1750 SOURCE: Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970 OwlTeacher.com

34. Free Blacks • Slaves that earned money as artisans or laborers had the possibility of saving enough to purchase their freedom. • _____________________________________________________________________________________________________. OwlTeacher.com

35. Free blacks faced poorer living conditions and __________________ than slaves who were identified with specific white households. • Free blacks could not _____________ ____________________________________________________________. OwlTeacher.com

36. Laws and Revolts Laws • Slaves could not go aboard ships or ferries, or leave the town limits without a __________________________________. • ______________________________________________________________________________________________________. • Punishments included whipping, banishment to the West Indies, and death. OwlTeacher.com

37. Laws and Revolts Revolts • ______________________________________________________________________________. • The rebels were captured and killed. • New York City had slave rebellions in 1708, 1712, and 1741. • After the 1741 revolt, _____________________ _______________________________________. • African Americans undertook almost 50 documented revolts between 1740 and 1800. OwlTeacher.com

38. Western Expansion • In the mid-1700s, the colonial population was increasing rapidly, nearly doubling every 25 years. • ___________________ ____________________. OwlTeacher.com

39. Immigrants from England, Ireland, Germany, and other countries were settling in colonial America. • ______________________________________________________________________. • These settlers were part of a migration, or movement, in search of land on which they could build independent lives and maintain their households. • Immigrants— people who enter a new country to settle OwlTeacher.com

40. Native American and French Reaction Native American Response • ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. • The Cherokees, Creeks, Chickasaws, and Choctaws put up a powerful struggle to block westward colonial expansion. OwlTeacher.com

41. Native American and French Reaction French Actions • In 1752, the French built Fort Presque Isle in Pennsylvania and attacked and killed the men defending an English trading post in the Ohio Valley. • __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. OwlTeacher.com

42. Religious Tensions • The British colonies were primarily ___________________________________. • _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. • Most New Englanders were either Congregationalists or Presbyterians. • ______________________________________________________________________________. • The Dutch Reformed Church thrived in the colonies of New York and New Jersey. OwlTeacher.com

43. The Great Awakening • The Great Awakening refers to ______________ ______________________________________. • These revivals were designed to renew religious enthusiasm and commitment. • Jonathan Edwards — Edwards, a Massachusetts minister, is believed to ____________ the Great Awakening. • His success inspired other ministers to increase their efforts to energize their followers. OwlTeacher.com

44. The Great Awakening • George Whitefield — Whitefield was an itinerant, or traveling, preacher who toured the colonies seven times between 1738 and 1770. • These ministers preached that any Christian could have a personal relationship with Jesus Christ. • ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. OwlTeacher.com

45. In the South, both the ______________________ churches drew many followers through their powerful, emotional ceremonies and their celebration of ordinary people. Churches Reorganize • In the 1740s and 1750s, many New Englanders converted to the Baptist faith. • _________ caused several churches to break apart. • While some embraced the new emotionalism, others rejected it. OwlTeacher.com

46. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________.______________________________________________________________________________________________________. • Dissent — difference of opinion OwlTeacher.com