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Complex Genetics

Complex Genetics. Sex-linked Co-Dominance Incomplete Dominance. What is Complex Genetics?. So far, we ’ ve been learning about Mendalian Genetics the study of simple recessive and dominant traits

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Complex Genetics

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  1. Complex Genetics • Sex-linked • Co-Dominance • Incomplete Dominance

  2. What is Complex Genetics? • So far, we’ve been learning about Mendalian Genetics • the study of simple recessive and dominant traits • Complex Genetics is the study of traits that are not simply 1 dominant or 1 recessive characteristic

  3. The Four Types of Complex Genetics • Sex-linked Genetics • Co-Dominance • Incomplete Dominance

  4. What is Complex Genetics? • So far, we’ve been learning about Mendalian Genetics • the study of simple recessive and dominant traits • Complex Genetics is the study of traits that are not simply 1 dominant or 1 recessive characteristic

  5. The Four Types of Complex Genetics • Dihibrid Crosses • Sex-linked Genetics • Co-Dominance • Incomplete Dominance

  6. DiHybrid Crosses • A Dihybrid cross looks at TWO traits at once • It works JUST like a monohybrid cross but it has more letters :)

  7. How to Do a Dihybrid Cross • There are 5 steps to figure out the probability of two traits • 1. Look at each individual trait on its own and write out its genotype and phenotype • 2. Write out the possible combinations • Each combination should have have one letter from each of the traits • 3. Put the parents’ genotype combinations on the outside of the square • 4. Fill in the Punnett Square • Determine the outcomes of the possible offspring

  8. Now, Let’s Do One! • Step One: Determine the phenotype and genotypes of each of the parents • When Will Smith clasps his hands together, his left thumb is on top, which is a dominant trait (L). He also has a bent pinky finger (B), which is a dominant to a straight pinky finger. Will is heterozygous for his left thumb on top and heterozygous for a bent pinky. Jada Pinkett Smith is heterozygous for her left thumb on top, and is heterozygous for bent pinky fingers. • Will’s Genotype__________ Phenotype________ • Jada’s Genotype_________ Phenotype_________

  9. Step Two • Step Two: Write out all of the possible Combinations! • Use the FOIL technique (first, outside, inside, last) • Will’s Genotype_______________ • Foil for the possible Combinations: • Jada’s Genotype______________ • Foil for the possible Combinations:

  10. Step Three • Place the parent genotypes on the outside of the punnett square.

  11. Step Four • Fill out the Punnett Square!

  12. Step Five: Determine the Possible Outcomes • How do we figure out possibilities? • Possibilities: • BBLL • BBLl • BbLL • BbLl • Bbll • bbLL • bbLl • bbll

  13. Step Five Continued • Phenotypes Possibilities • Dominant Dominant • Dominant Recessive • Recessive Dominant • Recessive Recessive

  14. Sex-Linked Traits • Some traits are only on your last two chromosomes, which are known as the Sex Chromosomes • This means that gender affects the traits • X-Linked traits: The trait is found only on an X chromosome. • A girl will have 2 copies of the trait (one on each X chromosomes) • A boy will have only ONE copy of the trait (they only have one X chromosome)

  15. Sex Linked Carriers

  16. Sex Linked Example • Colorblindness is a X chromosome sex-linked disorder. Color-blindness is recessive. A Heterozygous female and a Colorblind male are worried about their future children... fill out a punnett square to figure out their possibilities: • Mother: Genotype______ Phenotype______ • Father: Genotype______ Phenotype______

  17. Co-Dominance • Codominance occurs when the trait of each allele shows up. • Both alleles are equally dominant!! • The common example of Codomiance: • Blood Types!

  18. Blood Types • What are the different types of blood types? • A • B • AB • O

  19. The Genotypes of the Four Blood Types?

  20. Let’s Try Blood Typing! • Beyonce and Jay Z have recently been blood typed. Beyonce has an AB blood type and JayZ is Heterozygous A. Complete the punnett Square: • Beyonce: Genotype____ • Jay Z: Genotype _____ • Possible child Genotype _______ ________ Possible child Phenotypes ________ ________

  21. Incomplete Dominance • Formal Definition: Incomplete dominance is a form of intermediate inheritance in which one allele for a specific trait is not completely dominant over the other allele. This results in a combined phenotype • In Otherwords: • How is this different from Co-Dominance?

  22. Snap Dragon Flowers

  23. Let’s Try Incomplete Dominance • Tulips are beautiful flowers. Tall tulips have a genotype of TT and short tulips have a genotype of tt. Yet, some tulips are of medium length. Medium height tulips occur when a tulip is heterozygous for height. A homozygous tall tulip and a short tulip mate. What are their possible offspring? • Tulip One: Genotype______ Phenotype:_______ • Tulip Two: Genotype______ Phenotype:_______

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