370 likes | 551 Views
FCAT Review. Life Science. What does “Being Alive” mean?. Made of cells Respond to stimuli Respire (use energy) Adapt Reproduce Excrete wastes Secrete Have a life span. Life Needs:. Energy (solar or chemical) Water Tolerable Temperatures Light Agreeable Atmosphere.
E N D
FCAT Review Life Science
What does “Being Alive” mean? • Made of cells • Respond to stimuli • Respire (use energy) • Adapt • Reproduce • Excrete wastes • Secrete • Have a life span
Life Needs: • Energy (solar or chemical) • Water • Tolerable Temperatures • Light • Agreeable Atmosphere
Cell Organization • Atom • Molecule • Organelle • Cell • Tissue • Organ • System • Organism
Major Systems Excretory Respiratory Digestive Male Reproductive Female
Major Systems Nervous Skeletal Circulatory Muscular
Chemistry of the Cell • Cells are made of atoms and molecules • Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Iron, Sodium, Potassium, etc.
Organic Inorganic • Organic compounds contain carbon • Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, nucleic acids, etc. • Inorganic compounds are also necessary for life • Water, salt, vitamins, etc.
Cell Transport…note error on class notes Passive Transport Active Transport Endocytosis Exocytosis
Cellular Respiration organisms use oxygen to break down glucose and release water and carbon dioxide as waste C6H12O6 + 6O2 Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O
Photosynthesis plants use solar energy to make glucose from water and carbon dioxide and release oxygen as waste Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
Mitosis • Cell division for body cells - diploid
Meiosis • Cell division to produce sex cells - haploid
DNA Nitrogen bases • Adenine • Thymine • Guanine • Cytosine
Heredity – passing of traits from parents of offspring Alleles – different forms a gene has for a trait • A – dominant allele for a trait (upper case) • a – recessive allele for a trait (lower case) • Heterozygous – different alleles • Homozygous – identical alleles
Punnett Squares • Tools for predicting genetic crosses • Genotype – genetic makeup • What alleles are present • Phenotype – physical makeup • What is shown
Fill in the Punnett Square T – tall plants t – short plants How many offspring plants will be tall? How many offspring plants will be short? What percentage of offspring will be tall plants?
Fill in the Punnett Square T – tall plants t – short plants How many offspring plants will be tall? How many offspring plants will be short? What percentage of offspring will be tall plants?
Evolution – changes in kinds of animals and plants over time • Evidence • Fossil record • Continental drift • Why do kangaroos live in Australia?
Survival of the Fittest • Ability to reproduce successfully Charles Darwin The fittest?
Ecology • Biotic Factors • Living things • Abiotic Factors • Non-living things
Adaptation for Survival • Changes in • structure • behavior
Cycles of Nature Carbon Nitrogen Phosphorus Water
Environmental Issues • Decrease in resources leads to decrease in natural populations • Human activities • Pollution • Global warming • Destruction of habitat
Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources • Renewable • Wind • Solar • Water • Trees • Biomass • Non-renewable • Coal • Oil • Gas
Plant ReproductionSpores vs. Seeds Fern Gymnosperm Angiosperm
Virus • Viruses are not alive until they invade a cell