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Lecture 12b: Adders. Generate / Propagate. Equations often factored into G and P Generate and propagate for groups spanning i:j Base case Sum:. PG Logic. Carry-Ripple Revisited. Carry-Ripple PG Diagram. Carry-Skip Adder. Carry-ripple is slow through all N stages
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Generate / Propagate • Equations often factored into G and P • Generate and propagate for groups spanning i:j • Base case • Sum: 17: Adders
PG Logic 17: Adders
Carry-Ripple Revisited 17: Adders
Carry-Ripple PG Diagram 17: Adders
Carry-Skip Adder • Carry-ripple is slow through all N stages • Carry-skip allows carry to skip over groups of n bits • Decision based on n-bit propagate signal 17: Adders
Carry-Skip Adder • Carry-ripple is slow through all N stages • Carry-skip allows carry to skip over groups of n bits • Decision based on n-bit propagate signal 17: Adders
Carry-Lookahead Adder • Carry-lookahead adder computes Gi:0 for many bits in parallel. • Uses higher-valency cells with more than two inputs. 17: Adders
Carry-Lookahead Adder • Carry-lookahead adder computes Gi:0 for many bits in parallel. • Uses higher-valency cells with more than two inputs. 17: Adders
Tree Adder • If lookahead is good, lookahead across lookahead! • Recursive lookahead gives O(log N) delay • Many variations on tree adders 17: Adders
PG Diagram Notation 17: Adders
Sklansky 17: Adders
Brent-Kung 17: Adders
Kogge-Stone 17: Adders
Han-Carlson 17: Adders
Knowles [2, 1, 1, 1] 17: Adders
Ladner-Fischer 17: Adders
Taxonomy Revisited 17: Adders
Summary Adder architectures offer area / power / delay tradeoffs. Choose the best one for your application. 17: Adders