1 / 25

Reproductive System

Reproductive System. P&A. I. Intro. A. Structures 1. testes, ovaries, and external organs A. many accessory organs involved as well: Uterus, fallopian tubes, vas deferens, epididymus B. Function 1. produce sex cells 2. transport sex cells

adele
Download Presentation

Reproductive System

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Reproductive System P&A

  2. I. Intro • A. Structures • 1. testes, ovaries, and external organs • A. many accessory organs involved as well: • Uterus, fallopian tubes, vas deferens, epididymus • B. Function • 1. produce sex cells • 2. transport sex cells • 3. produce & secrete hormones which develop and maintain male and female sex characteristics

  3. II. Male Reproductive Organs • A. Main function: to produce sperm • B. Testes • 1. 2 ovoid/oval structures found within cavities called SCROTUM • 2. Each teste is separated into 250 lobules • A. each lobule contains SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES • B. ST contain SPERMATOGENIC CELLS • Def: cells that give rise to sperm

  4. C. spermatogenic cells remain inactive until adolescence when they undergo MEIOSIS • Def: process of cell division that results in ½ the amount of chromosomes than the parent cell • Parent cell = 46 • Sperm cell = 23 to later combine with egg’s 23

  5. C. Male Internal Accessory Organs • 1. Epididymus • S: tightly coiled 6 m. long tube that connects to vas deferens • F: passageway for sperm • 2. Vas Deferens • S: muscular tube 45 cm. long • Passes along testes, through abdominal cavity, end behind urinary bladder • F: passageway for sperm to urethra

  6. 3. Seminal Vesicle • S: Saclike structure attached to vas deferens below urinary bladder • F: secrete fluid that allows for correct pH for sperm to live and sugary substance to energize sperm • 4. prostate gland • S: chestnut shaped structure surrounding anterior urethra • F: secrete fluid to help neutralize sperm-cell fluid

  7. 5. Semen • S: fluid conveyed through male urethra to the outside of the body via the urethra • 1) made of: • Sperm cells from testes • Fluids from seminal vesicle • Fluids from prostate gland • 2) 2-6 ml are released at one time • 120 million/ml sperm are released

  8. D. Male External Reproductive Organs • 1. scrotum • A. pouch of skin that holds testes • B. Why? • So testes are outside of the body to maintain the correct temperature for sperm to live and grow • Too hot inside the body • 2. penis • A. cylindrical organ that houses urethra • B. conveys urine & semen to outside of body

  9. III. Hormonal Control of male reproductive system • A. follicle stimulating hormone – FSH • 1. FSH – secreted by anterior pituitary gland • 2. stimulate spermatogenic cells to produce sperm • B. Testosterone • 1. secreted by testes • 2. also stimulates spermatogenic cells to produce sperm • 3. secretion is very low until age 13-15

  10. 4. Effects: • Increased body hair on chest, arm pits, face, pubic region • Enlargement of larynx • Thicker vocal cords = lower voice • Thicker skin • Increase muscular growth • Broaden shoulders • Narrow waist • Thicker bones • Sperm cells divide and become active

  11. IV. Female reproductive Organs • A. Main Function: to produce eggs • B. Ovaries • 1. 2 ovoid structures located in shallow depression of pelvic wall • 2. s: two regions: • Outer cortex • Inner medulla

  12. 3. before birth ovaries form several million PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLES • A. def: cells that develop into eggs by undergoing meiosis • B. only 1 million remain at birth • 400,000 remain at puberty • Fewer than 1,000 are released during female’s lifetime

  13. 4. primordial follicles develop and the OOCYTE (egg cell) inside eventually ruptures out and travels to fallopian/uterine tube • Process is call OVULATION • If oocyte isn’t fertilized by sperm it degenerates

  14. V. Female accessory orgrans • A. Uterine/fallopian tubes • S: 10 cm long tubes from ovary to uterus • Wall is full of ciliated simple columnar epithelium • to move egg • F: secrete mucous and move cilia to pass egg along tube

  15. B. uterus • 1. S: inverted pear shaped • Hollow • Muscular • Lower 1/3 called cervix • 3 layered wall • Endometrium: inner layer • Myometrium: middle muscular layer • Perimetrium: outer covering • F: to hold growing fetus

  16. C. Vagina • 1.S: 9 cm long tube from uterus to outside • F: • Conveys uterine secretions to outside • Receives penis during sexual intercouse • Transports child during birth

  17. D. labia major • 1. S: flaps of tissue seperated longitudinally by a cleft • 2. F: to enclose and protect other female reproductive organs

  18. VI. Hormonal control of female reproductive system • * release at about 8 yrs old • A. F: • Develop and maintain female sexual characteristics • Maturation of egg cells • Regulate monthly menstrual cycle

  19. B. FSH & Leutinizing Hormone (LH) • 1. secreted by APG • 2. control production of sex hormones and egg cells maturation

  20. C. Estrogen & progesterone • 1. estrogen • A. produced by ovaries • B. controls: • Enlargement of accessory organs • Development of breasts and mammary glands • Increase adipose tissue breasts, thighs, and buttocks • Increase vessels to skin

  21. 2. progesterone • A. produced by ovaries • B. controls uterus changes during menstrual cycle • D. Androgens (male hormones) • 1. cause female at puberty to grow hair in arm pits and pubic region • 2. the low concentrations cause females to have narrow shoulders and broad hips

  22. VII. FEMALE MENSTRUAL CYCLE • A. DEF: • 1. approximate 28 -32 day cycle in which regular changes happen to the uterine wall • Usually begins at approx age 13 • Culminates in external bleeding • B. hormone involvement • 1. FSH & LH cause maturation of egg cells • 2. egg cells produce estrogen and progesterone • F: responsible to continuing and maintaining female reproductive system

  23. C. week 1 • 1. increased estrogen causes endometrium to thicken • D. day 11-14 • 1. LH causes follicular wall to rupture and egg released = ovulation • * time when woman is most likely to get pregnant • 2. follicle without the egg becomes the CORPUS LUTEUM • 3. if the egg is not fertilized the CL has no function

  24. E. day 24 • If CL has no function, the uterine blood vessels constrict, decreases O2 to uterus • Therefore, uterine lining disintegrates as blood capillaries release blood • F. Day 28-32 • 1. blood flows out of vaniga • 2. lasts approx 3-5 days • 3. CL and egg are flushed out

  25. viii. Mammary Glands • A. located in subcutaneous tissue of breasts • B. f: secrete milk following pregnancy • C. S: composed of 15-20 lobes with ALVEOLAR DUCTS that lead to the outside

More Related