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Confusing Terms in Carbohydrate Metabolism

Confusing Terms in Carbohydrate Metabolism. Glucose. The most important monosaccharide in animal nutrition Cellular uptake of this hexose is regulated by insulin; blood levels are regulated by insulin and glucagon

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Confusing Terms in Carbohydrate Metabolism

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  1. Confusing Terms in Carbohydrate Metabolism

  2. Glucose • The most important monosaccharide in animal nutrition • Cellular uptake of this hexose is regulated by insulin; blood levels are regulated by insulin and glucagon • Broken down to two trioses (pyruvate) during glycolysis, ultimately generating over 30 ATP if fully oxidized

  3. Glycolysis • The process in cell metabolism by which carbohydrates and sugars, especially glucose, are broken down, producing two ATP and two pyruvate molecules

  4. Gluconeogenesis • The formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids, lactate, glycerol, pyruvate and propionate • Never uses fatty acids to generate glucose • Occurs primarily in the liver

  5. Glycogen • A storage form of glucose in animals • Animal starch • Breakdown stimulated by (among other things) glucagon

  6. Glycogenesis • The formation of glycogen from monosaccharides in the body, esp. glucose • Glucose molecules connected by alpha 1,4 linkages and numerous alpha 1,6 branch points

  7. Glycogenolysis • The biochemical breakdown of glycogen to glucose • Stimulated by glucagon (among other things)

  8. Glucagon • A hormone secreted by the pancreas in response to low blood glucose • Stimulates breakdown of glycogen to glucose • Stimulates gluconeogenesis

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