OMG: Interoperability through Object- Oriented Standards

1. OMG: Interoperability through Object- Oriented Standards Presented by Jon Siegel, Ph.D. Director, Domain Technology Object Management Group siegel@omg.org 508-820-4300 http://www.omg.org

2. Sales Engineering Accounting Manufacturing Payables/ Receivables Shipping/ Receiving Inventory Why Distributed Computing? Distributed Hardware needs Distributed Software !

3. Future Networks

4. There must be consensus on interoperability. Focus on Interoperability • There will not be consensus on hardware platforms; • There will not be consensus on operating systems; • There will not be consensus on network protocols; • There will not be consensus on application formats.

5. Today’s Architecture Internet/Intranet Legacy Phone line OTM Wireless Type-SpecificServers ContentManagement BusinessLogic DataLayer Clients

6. Who’s Using CORBA? • Wells-Fargo Bank • Integrate all legacy systems • Home Banking, ATMs • More Banks & Financial Companies: • BankBoston, Banque Paribas, Britannia, Capital One Financial Corporation, Chemical Bank, Credit Suisse, Dresdner Bank AG, Macquarie Bank, Nations Bank, Nomura International Securities, Charles Schwab & Co., Commerzbank Capital Markets, Chicago Stock Exchange

7. BankBoston 1998 ROI Study • CORBA Project ROI - Raw Figures: • Quantified Return-on-Investment for EMSTR Analytics was 627%; • Payback period was 7.3 months. • More payoff than could be quantified: • More timely and more accurate information to the traders • New and deeper analytics. • Making the bank’s analytics system available to its customers • These benefits overwhelm the quantified benefits

8. More CORBA Users... • UK Immigration Department • Suspect Index System • CNN Interactive • News feeds from hundreds of sources on multiple machine types and formats are managed with CORBA • Pratt & Whitney • Program Planning and Control for jet engine production • Matra Datavision • integration of EUCLID QUANTUM software for CAD/CAM • Aircraft Manufacture: Boeing, Airbus

9. Still more CORBA Users... • AWACS Systems Integration • Also US Air Force and Navy • Retail: The Gap; Home Depot • Transportation: DHL, Fedex, Sabre CargoManager, German Railway Company, Port of Singapore

10. About CNN Interactive • A family of web sites • CNN. com • AllPolitics. com • CNN. com/ CustomNews (with Oracle) • CNNSI. com • CNNenEspanol. com (Spanish language) • CNNemPortugues. com (Portuguese language) • CNN. passagen. se (Swedish language) • Staff in Atlanta, Washington DC, Sweden, Latin America, Asia

11. CNN Traffic Levels • Amongst the busiest sites on the web • 150,000 - 250,000 hits per minute • 77 million page views per week, growing at 9% per month • Estimated at 11.5 million unique users per month • 6 T3s feed Atlanta; web site replicated in London and Japan • Also provides content to partners like Pointcast, Pagenet • 65,000 users in 500 other news organisations • 300,000 email subscribers • 150 other co- branded Web sites

12. CNN Software Requirements • Support creation and distribution of content • Multiple internal server platforms - NT, Solaris, Netscape • Multiple outstations across the world • Multiple media formats • Sub-editors used mixed Windows & Mac client platforms • Need to separate view from content • External customers need different transmission formats etc • Applications must work together across Operating Systems and languages

13. News Content Servers • CORBA-based store for structured news content: • No embedded formatting - object tree structure • Win32 and Java content creation tools populate tree • Client applications walk tree to extract content (e. g. to send to email subscribers, or generate web content)

14. Based on CORBA Event Service • CORBA event services provide asynchronous notification to multiple listeners by one or more event generators • One of the standard suite of CORBA services • Used by CNN to handle wire services • Stories from AP, Reuters etc are redistributed within CNN over CORBA event channels • Each language has its own channel • Listeners can include knowledge base to allow them to filter content, delivering only stories of interest to editor’s desk

15. Application Services • Live on the “CORBA bus” • Deliver common services • e. g. “Magic Mover” loads content into Web servers • Used independently of development language, platform • “For the most part, we have put these services on the bus and forgotten about them”

16. Server for User Polls • CNN is exploring using ORBs as integration point for all web- based services • Uses the VisiBroker ORB bundled with Netscape Enterprise Server 3.0 • Allows computationally-expensive services to be moved off server machine • e. g. database lookups, advertisement serving • Again, common interface architecture is a big win • Test case - polling server for gathering opinions • Orbix 2.2MT on Sun 2170 handles millions of votes per hour

17. A CNN Quote . . . • “CORBA has provided a robust and elegant framework for us to build a distributed architecture. In addition, the ORB has also become the integration point for our various operating systems and implementation languages. Based our experiences, we expect to continue to build products based on CORBA.” • Al Issa • Director, Software Development • CNN Interactive

18. Charles Schwab & Co. • SchwabLink Web • Redisigned Online Trading and Research Service • Serves Schwab’s top 5,000 Customers • $100 Billion in Assets in play • Started in 1996; rolled out in 1998 • Vitria Technology CORBA servers

19. SchwabLink Web Architecture • Model-Driven Architecture • Business Rules embedded in objects • CORBA Object based • IIOP Protocol • Push-Subscribe Technology

20. Who Makes/Sells ORBs? • There are over 70 ORBs on the Market • From different types of companies: • System Vendors • ORB Vendors • Integrated Services Vendors(e.g. ORB-based Transaction Systems) • Free ORBs from Universities and Independents • A Thriving Market, Started by OMG

21. Testing, Certification • OMG/Open Group Testing/Certification • Announced 5/99: CORBA 2.1 now, 2.3 soon • 3 Certified ORBs so far: • Fujitsu, AT&T OmniORB, MICO • Test Suite Partially funded by ESPRIT • CORBAnet (www.corba.net) • Web-based interoperability demo • DOPG, Japan, tested Interoperability • ORBs and Transaction Systems • Fourteen ORBs shown to interoperate • Four OTS Impls shown to interoperate • 1-Phase & 2-Phase commit and rollback

22. Complete Enterprise Support CORBA Domains CORBA Domains CORBA Domains Common Business Objects* Business Object Facility* CORBAfacilities UML Modeling Meta-Object Facility SECURITY CORBAservices Interoperability: IIOP, Asynch Realtime, Embedded options Components, Scripting *: coming soon IDL Interfaces, Mappings, & ORB

23. Complete Enterprise Support CORBA Domains CORBA Domains CORBA Domains Analysis & Design; Warehousing; Metadata Common Business Objects* Business Object Facility* CORBAfacilities UML Modeling MOF (Repository) SECURITY CORBAservices Interoperability: IIOP, Asynch Realtime, Embedded options Components, Scripting *: coming soon IDL Interfaces, Mappings, & ORB

24. Complete Enterprise Support CORBA Domains CORBA Domains CORBA Domains Component- Based Programming Model Common Business Objects* Business Object Facility* CORBAfacilities UML Modeling MOF (Repository) SECURITY CORBAservices Interoperability: IIOP, Asynch Realtime, Embedded options Components, Scripting *: coming soon IDL Interfaces, Mappings, & ORB

25. Complete Enterprise Support Standardized, Secure Interoperability and more... CORBA Domains CORBA Domains CORBA Domains Common Business Objects* Business Object Facility* CORBAfacilities UML Modeling MOF (Repository) SECURITY CORBAservices Interoperability: IIOP, Asynch Realtime, Embedded options Components, Scripting *: coming soon IDL Interfaces, Mappings, & ORB

26. Complete Enterprise Support Standardized Basic Services and Facilities (Transactions) CORBA Domains CORBA Domains CORBA Domains Common Business Objects* Business Object Facility* CORBAfacilities UML Modeling MOF (Repository) SECURITY CORBAservices Interoperability: IIOP, Asynch Realtime, Embedded options Components, Scripting *: coming soon IDL Interfaces, Mappings, & ORB

27. Complete Enterprise Support Sophisticated Enterprise and Domain Support CORBA Domains CORBA Domains CORBA Domains Common Business Objects* Business Object Facility* CORBAfacilities UML Modeling MOF (Repository) SECURITY CORBAservices Interoperability: IIOP, Asynch Realtime, Embedded options Components, Scripting *: coming soon IDL Interfaces, Mappings, & ORB

28. What is an Object? • An Object - - • Combines Functionality and Data • Typically represents a real-world object • Has a well-defined interface • and an “object reference” or address • Follows basic OO principles: • Encapsulation Inheritance • Polymorphism Instantiation

29. OMG/ISO IDL and CORBA Architecture Client Side Object Implementation Side C COBOL C++ C I D L I D L I D L I D L COBOL Java I D L I D L ORB ORB Standard Protocol I D L I D L Small talk Ada I D L I D L Stubs Skeletons I D L I D L Java C++ More More

30. CORBA Interoperability • CORBA 2.0 Interoperability Comprises: • An overall architecture for CORBA-CORBA communications; • An API for adding bridges; • A general multi-transport message format (General Inter-ORB Protocol or GIOP); • An API for gateways using ESIOPs -- (Environment-Specific Inter-ORB Protocols) UNIVERSAL, OUT-OF-THE-BOX INTEROPERABILITY: • GIOP over TCP/IP is mandatory for complianceeither internally or via a half-bridge; • Specialized protocols are optional and well-supported by the specifications.

31. Server-Side Scalability • Simple CORBA Client-Side Model • Scalability is implemented on the Server • Several different Resource and Memory Allocation Models adjust for load • CORBA Server Mechanisms: • Portable Object Adapter (POA) • CORBA Component Model (CCM)

32. PART A Obj Impl Client 4Q95 IDL IDL REQUEST ORB PART B 4Q97 COM/CORBA Interworking ORB RFP5, in 2 parts, standardized COM/CORBA Interworking during 1996-7 OLE2 COM

33. Strategy -- Leveraging Java WEB Server PR O G R A M S Java Orblet C G I Programs IIOP (CORBA) TCL Java Enabled WEB Browser HTTP -- HTML -- GIF, JPEG -- AV, WAV IIOP IIOP Sea of Objects (CORBA) IIOP

34. CORBA 3.0 Adds -- • Improved Java and Internet Integration • Java-to-IDL (reverse) Mapping • Firewall Specification • CORBA Object URLs • Quality of Service Control • Asynchronous Invocation/Messaging • Invocation QoS Control • Realtime, Minimum, Fault Tolerant CORBA • CORBA Component Model • Objects Pass-by-Value • Component container • Transactional, Persistent, Secure • Distribution Format • Scripting Language Specification

35. CORBA Component Model (CCM) • CORBA is great for building Enterprise and Internet applications • But, of the thousands of CORBA usage patterns, a few stand out • CCM packages up these successful patterns, including • POA servant management • Transactions and Persistence • Security • Event Handling • Configuration • Interface Connection and Assembly • This speeds and simplifies application building, and ensures success

36. What this Means to You: • CCM Applications are very compact: • Much less code required • Developer code devotes to the business problem • CCM Applications are easier to code: • Only successful patterns included in CCM • Much code is generated automatically • In declarative languages derived from IDL • CCM Applications are Modular: • Components assemble into applications • Combine commercial, in-house, and custom components • Standardized Assembly, Packaging, Distribution, Deployment • CCM Applications scale to Internet and Enterprise • Patterns known to scale well • Vendor experience used to build and tune products • Resource handling coded automatically in the best way

37. Application Objects Vertical CORBA Facilities Horizomtal CORBA Facilities Object Request Broker CORBA Services OMA Overview

38. Application Objects Vertical CORBA Facilities Horizomtal CORBA Facilities Object Request Broker CORBA Services OMA Overview Not standardized by OMG; Scope is Single application or vendor Business Objects Healthcare Finance Telecommunication Object Linking Help Facilities Desktop Mgmt Print Spooling Lifecycle Events Naming Persistence Transactions Concurrency Externalization Security Time Properties Query Licensing

39. Vertical CORBAfacilities • Official OMG specifications in vertical market domains: • Business Objects • Finance/Insurance • Electronic Commerce • Healthcare • Telecommunications • Transportation • Manufacturing • Life Sciences Research • Utilities • Coming: Retail, Broadcasting, Satellites, Statistics, Call Center • Bring benefits of CORBA and OMA to Domains.

40. Current Telecom Specs Telecommunications Domain Task Force: • Control and Management of A/V Streams • Notification Service • CORBA/TMN Interworking • CORBA/IN Interworking • Telecom Log Service Facility

41. Manufacturing Specifications • Manufacturing Domain Task Force: • Product Data Management Enablers Specification • Distributed Simulation HLA Specification

42. Healthcare Specifications Healthcare Domain Task Force • Master Patient Identifier Specification • Healthcare Lexicon Service • SpecificationClinical Observations RFP • Healthcare Resource Access Control

43. Finance Specifications • Currency Specification • Party Management Facility • General Ledger Spec • e-Commerce Negotiation Framework

44. CORBA/OMA Environment • Starts with the Basics: • IDL Interfaces & Mappings • ORB-based Architecture • Static & Dynamic Invocation Modes • GIOP/IIOP Interoperability • Optional Asynch Modes • Naming Service • Event Service • Add Services and Facilities: • Security Service • Transaction Service • Object Trader Service • COM/CORBA Mapping • Then add Domain Components...

45. OMG: Background • About 800 member companies, world’s largest software consortium. • Founded April 1989 - Ten Years Old • Small staff (27 full time); no internal development. Offices in U.S.A., Germany, Japan, U.K, Australia, India. • Dedicated to creating and popularizing object-oriented standards for application integration based on existing technology.

46. Worldwide Scope Alcatel BEA Systems BellSouth Boeing Aircraft Bristol-Myers Compaq Computer Assocs Concept 5 Daimler-Benz AG Deere & Co. DMSO DNS Techs Economica AS EDS Ericsson Expersoft Fort Motor Fujitsu GMD Fokus HP Hitachi Inprise IBM IONA Lucent Metaphase Micro Focus Mitre NEC Netscape Nippon T&T NIST Nokia Nortel NSA Oracle Rational SW SAP AG Shell Services Sherpa SNI Sprint Sun Telefonica I&D TIBCO Travelers’ Ins Unisys W3C Workflow Mgmt Xerox

47. Meetings, Meetings! • OMG Specifications are adopted at our meetings • Held Five times a year, at member companies’ sites around the world • Lasts a week and attracts over 500 people • Every subgroup meets; up to 30 simultaneous sessions on some days • Dates, locations on the web at http://www.omg.org/library/tcinfo.htm • You’re invited to come as an observer! Just let me know (email: siegel@omg.org)

48. Adoption Process • RFI (Request for Information) to establish range of commercially available software. • RFP (Request for Proposals) to gather explicit descriptions of available software. • Letters of Intent to establish corporate direction. • Task Force and End User evaluation & recommendation; simultaneous Business Committee examination. • Board decision based on TC, End User, and BC recommendations.

49. Availability Innovative approach for selection of standard interfaces to adopt: 1. OMG adopts & publishes interface specifications. 2. Interface Implementations must be available commercially from OMG Corporate member. 3. Interface Specifications are freely available to members and non-members alike. 4. Interface Specifications chosen from existing products in competitive selection process.

50. Back To The Future • Prepare for fully harmonized, innovative application systems with flexibility for future capabilities: • World-girding plug-in computing. • Heterogeneous networks & systems. • Domain-specific components. • Competitive multiple vendors. • Cooperative standards based. End-user needs are driving the process!