Serial Killers: Nurture or Nature?

1. Serial Killers: Nurture or Nature? Matthew Coleman, Ruchika Gothoskar, Chelsi Henry & Jimmy Luu

2. Table of Contents • Introduction • Psychological Perspective • Sociological Perspective • Anthropological Perspective • Nature VS Nurture • Conclusion • Quiz

3. Introduction What is a serial killer? • Has committed more than 3 murders • Murders committed over a short period of time • Very cautious about their murders • Mass murderers are different from serial killers Common Misconceptions • Social misfits, dysfunctional or “loners” • Have no social control • Are “evil geniuses” or insane • Always male • Always white

4. Introduction Common Misconceptions • Are all entirely sexually driven • Have been abused in the past or have grown up in “broken” homes Serial Killer’s True Colours • Many have not finished high school • Are generally middle class citizens • Can easily blend into society • Unlike murderers, serial killing is not a one time offense, and serial killers usually have a motive

5. Psychological Perspective Common Trends in Serial Killers • Many similarities seen in serial killers • May stem from abuse • Hatred towards a certain group of people may be a motive Nurture • Neglect and abuse at home • John Gacy, serial killer in 1970’s • Albert Fish, serial killer in 1920’s John Gacy Albert Fish

6. Psychological Perspective “In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we find that more psychopathic individuals show reduced activity in the amygdala during emotional moral decision-making, with particularly conning and manipulative individuals showing reduced activity in the entire moral neural circuit. These results provide initial evidence that psychopaths exhibit deficits in brain regions essential for moral judgment in normal individuals.” Nature • Defects or differences of the brain • Lack of remorse and guilt • Strong signs of psychopathy - Dr. Adrian Raine, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Southern California

7. Psychological Perspective Both Nature and Nurture • Jeffrey Dahmer, serial killer in 1970’s • Same environment, different results Jeffrey Dahmer Bad seeds blossom in bad environments.

8. Sociological Perspective Nature and Nurture • Many socialization techniques may affect how the person grows up and interacts with others • Are able to smooth talk their way past officials and authority figures • No treatment for psychopathy • Many are granted early release from prison “All those convicted of 2nd degree murder will receive a sentence of life imprisonment. Their parole eligibility date will be within a range of 10 to 25 years at the discretion of the judge. Despite a sentence of "life imprisonment" being imposed, the vast majority of first degree murders will eventually be released back into society. Their freedom, however, will be limited by the conditions of parole for the remainder of their lives. Further, a breach of parole could easily result in them having to return to prison to serve additional time.” - Section 222 of the Criminal Code of Canada

9. Anthropological Perspective Types of Serial Killers • Thrill Seekers: Enjoy media attention, police pursuit and evading the authorities • Mission Oriented: Doing society a favour by eliminating certain people • Power and Control: Enjoy the victim’s terror • Souvenir Oriented: Keep mementos of the victims, such as souvenirs and “trophies”

10. Anthropological Perspective Canada Russia Life imprisonment is an option in much lighter circumstances Death penalty still an option in modern day Russia Rehabilitation is once again taken lightly, used mainly for youth, may occasionally be used for adults • Serial killers are automatically assigned a life time imprisonment • No death penalty in Canada • Many rehabilitation programs and other similar activities available

11. Anthropological Perspective Paul + Karla Bernardo Andrei Chikatilo “The Red Ripper” Murdered and raped over 50 men, women and children Was arrested and released in 1984 for “good behavior” Final arrest took place 1992, was given the death penalty • “The Ken and Barbie Killers” • Murdered and raped 20 men, women and children • Were arrested in 1995, Karla was released in 2006, Paul continues to be held at Kingston Penitentiary.

12. Nature VS Nurture Nature • In 2000, a report published by Dr. Richard Davidson, compared brain scans of approximately 500 people between those who were prone to violence and those who were "normal"  • The study discovered that the brain images of those who had been convicted of murder with aggressive or antisocial disorders showed distinct brain activity as compared to those who were normal • These brain scans showed a relationship between the orbital frontal cortex, the anterior cingulated cortex, and the amygdale, which plays a large part in the control of negative and violent emotions.

13. Nature VS Nurture Nurture • Socialization agents and the environment around them as they’re growing up plays a massive role in the development of a child • Criminologist Eric Hicky discovered in a study of sixty two male serial killers, that forty eight of the subjects had been rejected as children by someone important in their lives. • When rejected or neglected as children, they begin to stress and get confused as they get older • Hatred towards certain groups of people may also be a motive for many serial killers

14. Conclusion All in all, we believe that both nature and nurture make a serial killer. Sociological and psychological aspects such as socialization agents prove that a person’s initial nurturing and the environment around them may influence the decisions they make in the future, however, psychological and anthropological perspectives also aide in shedding light on the differences in the brain of “normal” humans and psychopaths. Although it seems that the debate of nature versus nurture on the topic of psychopathy is never ending, through the psychological, sociological, and anthropological lenses, we believe it is evident that both nature and nurture play a vital role in the making of a serial killer.

15. Quiz • List three common misconceptions about serial killers. • Social misfits, dysfunctional or “loners” • Have no social control • Are “evil geniuses” or insane • Always male • Always white • Are all entirely sexually driven • Have been abused in the past or have grown up in “broken” homes • From a psychological point of view, which body part is affected and where, that in turn “creates” a serial killer? • The brain is the body part that is affected which sides with the nature argument. Many scientists believe that it is orbital frontal cortex that has been damaged in some way which, in turn, causes symptoms of psychopathy.

16. Quiz 3. Fill in the blanks: All those convicted of 2nd degree murder will receive a sentence of _______________. Their parole eligibility date will be within a range of ___ to ___ years at the discretion of the judge. • Blank 1: Life imprisonment, Blank 2: 10 to 25 years 4. Name all four types of serial killers and give an example. • Thrill Seekers: Enjoy media attention, police pursuit and evading the authorities • Mission Oriented: Doing society a favour by eliminating certain people • Power and Control: Enjoy the victim’s terror • Souvenir Oriented: Keep mementos of the victims, such as souvenirs and “trophies” • An example would be The Zodiac Killer

17. Quiz 5. True or False? Hatred towards a certain group of people may be a motive for a serial killer. • True! One of the most common trends seen throughout serial killers. 6. True or False? In Russia, rehabilitation is taken lightly and is used only for youth and more juvenile crimes. • False! Although rehabilitation of criminals and programs of correction are used mainly for youth, they are also used on adult offenders with lighter cases.

18. Bibliography • Morton, J. Robert. (2005). Serial Murder: http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/serial-murder • Spears, Tom. (2009). Early Release Too Easy for Psychopaths: http://canadianjusticereviewbaord.ca/ article-psychopaths.htm • Scott, S. (n.d.). What Makes Serial Killers Tick? — Monsters or Victims? — Crime Library on truTV.com. truTV.com: Not Reality. Actuality.. Retrieved January 10, 2012, from http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/tick/victims_1.html • Serial Killers: Nature vs. Nurture. (n.d.). National Center for Crisis Management. Retrieved January 10, 2012, from http://www.nc-cm.org/article213.htm • Raine, A. (2005, January ). The neural correlates of moral decision. Retrieved from http://www.nature.com/mp/journal/v14/n1/full/mp2008104a.html • Raine, A. (2009, March 2). White collar psychopath fraudfeasors who use other people as tools for conning, duping, manipulating and perpetrating fraud: brain scan study. does a broken moral neural circuit excuse evil?. Retrieved from http://neurologicalcorrelates.com/wordpress/2009/03/02/white-collar-psychopath-fraudfeasors-who-use-other-people-as-tools-for-conning-duping-manipulating-and-perpetrating-fraud-brain-scan-study-does-a-broken-moral-neural-circuit-excuse-evil/

19. Bibliography 7. Unknown. (2011, December 16). Victims of violence. Retrieved from http://www.victimsofviolence.on.ca/rev2/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=347&Itemid=37 8. Unknown. (n.d.). Types of serial killers. Retrieved from http://karisable.com/crserial1.htm