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Fire Detection and Suppression

Fire Detection and Suppression. Chapter 4 Fire Pumps. Fire Pump Functions. The main function of a fire pump is to increase the pressure of the water that flows through it. Inadequate or nonexistent municipal water supply system Sprinkler systems and standpipe systems.

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Fire Detection and Suppression

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  1. Fire Detection and Suppression Chapter 4 Fire Pumps

  2. Fire Pump Functions • The main function of a fire pump is to increase the pressure of the water that flows through it. • Inadequate or nonexistent municipal water supply system • Sprinkler systems and standpipe systems Fire Pumps

  3. Common Fire Pump Types • Split-case pumps (see Fig. 4.2 in manual) • Horizontal: not self-priming • (Continued) Fire Pumps

  4. Common Fire Pump Types • Horizontal: not self-priming (Continued) Fire Pumps

  5. Common Fire Pump Types • Single-stage and multiple-stage • Maintenance • Packing gland • Wear rings Fire Pumps

  6. Common Fire Pump Types • Split-case pumps (cont.) • Vertically mounted Fire Pumps

  7. Common Fire Pump Types • Vertical shaft turbine pumps (Continued) Fire Pumps

  8. Common Fire Pump Types • Pressurized water source Fire Pumps

  9. Pump Drivers • Engines or motors used to turn the pump • Power requirements • Types • Electric motors • Required power (Continued) Fire Pumps

  10. Pump Drivers • Mounting (Continued) Fire Pumps

  11. Pump Drivers • Mounting (cont.) • Maintenance (Continued) Fire Pumps

  12. Pump Drivers • Types (cont.) • Diesel engine drivers • Engine power • Gear drives • Engine requirements • Cooling system • Fuel storage • Maintenance (Continued) Fire Pumps

  13. Pump Drivers • Types (cont.) • Steam turbines • Horizontal and vertical shaft • Limited feasibility Fire Pumps

  14. Pump Controllers • Govern pump operation • Controllers for electricmotor-driven pumps • Switches • Multiple pumpsconnected in parallel • Manual shutdown (Continued) Fire Pumps

  15. Pump Controllers (cont.) • Diesel engine controllers • Main function is to close the circuit between the storage batteries and the engine starter motor. • Alarm and signal devices (Continued) Fire Pumps

  16. Pump Controllers (cont.) • Pressure recording device • Manual shutdown • Weekly startup Fire Pumps

  17. Pump Installation Components and Accessories • Pipe and fittings • Materials • Valves • Standards • Suction piping: NFPA 24, Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances • Discharge piping: NFPA 24 and NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems • Sizing (Continued) Fire Pumps

  18. Pump Installation Components and Accessories (cont.) • Relief valves • Prevent pressures that are high enough to damage system piping or fittings • Required only if pressure at churn is high enough to damage system components • Sizing (Continued) Fire Pumps

  19. Pump Installation Components and Accessories (cont.) • Circulation relief valve: provides enough water flow into and out of the pump to prevent the pump from overheating when operating at churn against a closed system • Test equipment • Test manifold • GPM metering device (Continued) Fire Pumps

  20. Pump Installation Components and Accessories (cont.) • Pressure maintenance pumps • Prevent false starts due to fluctuations in pressure of water supply to pump • Small-capacity, high-pressure pumps that maintain constant pressure on system (Continued) Fire Pumps

  21. Pump Installation Components and Accessories (cont.) • Gauges • Horizontal split-case pumps and vertical shaft pumps • One gauge near discharge port • One gauge near intake • Vertical turbine pump: single gauge on discharge side (Continued) Fire Pumps

  22. Pump Installation Components and Accessories (cont.) • Component arrangement • Typical arrangement (Continued) Fire Pumps

  23. Pump Installation Components and Accessories (cont.) • Additional bypass line (Continued) Fire Pumps

  24. Pump Installation Components and Accessories (cont.) • Horizontal-shaft pump installation (See Fig. 4.23 in manual) • Vertical-shaft pump installation (See Fig. 4.24 in manual) • Standard performance specifications: NFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of Centrifugal Fire Pumps Fire Pumps

  25. Testing, Inspection, and Maintenance • Testing fire pumps • Piping: hydrostatic testing • Acceptance testing • Certified shop test curves • Standard performance points: 1. Maximum of 140 percent of rated pressure at 0 gpm. 2. Minimum of 100 percent of rated pressure at 100 percent of rated flow. 3. A minimum of 65 percent of rated pressure at 150 percent of rated flow. (Continued) Fire Pumps

  26. Testing, Inspection, and Maintenance • Equipment needed for pump tests • One section of 2 1/2-inch or larger hose for each hose connection on the test header • One Underwriters playpipe for each hoseline • Method for safely securing playpipes • Pitot tube and gauge • Method of measuring pump speed • Voltmeter and ammeter (Continued) Fire Pumps

  27. Testing, Inspection, and Maintenance • Conversion of velocity pressure to gpm: Q=(29.83)(Cd)(D2)(√P) Where: Q=Flow in gpm Cd=Coefficient of discharge D=Discharge orifice diameter P=Nozzle pressure (Continued) Fire Pumps

  28. Testing, Inspection, and Maintenance (cont.) • Acceptance test on an electric horizontal split-case pump Step 1: Calculate the expected pitot pressure for 100 percent and 150 percent of the rated flow. Step 2: Connect all the hoselines and nozzles. Step 3: Close the indicating control valve that separates the pump from the fire system. (Continued) Fire Pumps

  29. Testing, Inspection, and Maintenance • Acceptance test on an electric horizontal split-case pump (cont.): Step 4: Connect the ammeter and voltmeter to the test leads in the controller or at any other appropriate location. Step 5: If using a handheld revolution counter to measure pump speed, remove end plate of motor for access to shaft. (Continued) Fire Pumps

  30. Testing, Inspection, and Maintenance • Acceptance test on an electric horizontal split-case pump (cont.): Step 6: If end of shaft is not accessible, use a strobe-type tachometer. Step 7: Start the pump. Step 8: Open the control valve in the line leading to the test header and open the hose valves for the first gpm measurement. (Continued) Fire Pumps

  31. Testing, Inspection, and Maintenance • Acceptance test on an electric horizontal split-case pump (cont.): Step 9: Open and adjust sufficient lines to exact required pitot pressures for 100 percent of rated flow. Step 10: When all readings are complete and recorded, open and adjust additional hoselines to the exact required pitot pressures for 150 percent of the rated flow. (Continued) Fire Pumps

  32. Testing, Inspection, and Maintenance • Acceptance test on an electric horizontal split-case pump (cont.): • Repetitions • Manually controlled • Automatically controlled • Electrically driven pump (Continued) Fire Pumps

  33. Testing, Inspection, and Maintenance • Acceptance test on an electric horizontal split-case pump (cont.): • Evaluating data • Performance curves • Pump speed • Voltage and current for electrically driven pump • Acceptance test on a vertical shaft electric pump • Acceptance test on a diesel driven pump Fire Pumps

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