Estimated Benefits and Costs of Selected BRT Attributes 3:00 – 4:30 p.m. Joseph A. Calabrese

1. Estimated Benefits and Costs of Selected BRT Attributes 3:00 – 4:30 p.m. Joseph A. Calabrese CEO, Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority (Moderator)

2. Session Presentations • “Characteristics of Bus Rapid Transit”, Walter Kulyk • TCRP A-23A, “Cost and Effectiveness of Selected Bus Rapid Transit Components”, Alan Danaher • “Cost and Benefit Performance Measures”, Donald Schneck

3. Donald C. Schneck • BSCE from Drexel University • Senior Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton • Nearly 30 years of transportation planning experience focused on strategic, capital and business planning; MIS corridor planning; financial planning; and program management of new federal initiatives. • Too many other projects and activities to mention here, so I’ll let the moderator summarize them. 

4. Cost and BenefitPerformance Measures Donald C. Schneck Senior Associate Booz|Allen|Hamilton May 2004

5. Overview Overview of Presentation • Elements of BRT • Critical BRT Issues • Elements and Interrelationships • Goals, Elements and Performance Measures • FTA Characteristics of BRT Report • BRT Characteristics • Elements • Performance Measures

6. BRT Elements Elements Are Building Blocks of BRT – Implemented Independently or Incrementally RUNNING WAYS STATIONS VEHICLES SERVICE AND OPERATIONS PLAN FARE COLLECTION ITS

7. Performance Categories The CBRT Effort is Organized to Focus on Measures of Performance and Benefits Performance Measures, i.e. Performance Attributes BRT Elements Running Ways Stations Vehicles Service and Route Structure Fare Collection Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Ridership Travel Time Reliability Travel Times Image Safety/Security Passenger Capacity System Capacity

8. CBRT Report Characteristics of BRT (CBRT) DocumentSummary Outline • Major Elements (Design Options and Cost) • Maximizing BRT Performance Measures • Travel Time • Reliability • Image (Identity, Branding) • Safety and Security (Access, Comfort, Safety) • System Capacity (Capacity, Revenues) • Benefits of BRT • Ridership, Economic Development, Environment • BRT System Effectiveness • Capital Cost Effectiveness, Operating Efficiency

9. SERVICE & ROUTE STRUCTURE Performance Interrelationships A Focus on Performance Allows for a More Thorough Discussion of Interrelationships Passenger Safety and Security Travel Time System Capacity BRT ELEMENTS Reliability Image RUNNING WAYS STATIONS VEHICLES FARE COLLECTION ITS PERFORMANCE ATTRIBUTES

10. Performance Measures BRT Performance Attributesand Their Measures Performance Measures Performance Attributes Travel Time 1. Running Way Travel Time 2. Station Dwell Time 3. Wait Time 4. Transfer Time BRT Project Goals Reliability 5. Running Way Reliability 6. Station Dwell Reliability Goals Image Passenger Safety and Security 7. Brand Identity 8. Community Integration System Capacity 9. Passenger Safety 10. Passenger Security 11. Person Capacity 12. Passenger Capacity

11. Travel Time Measures Travel Time Performance Measuresand Related Metrics • Running Way or In-Vehicle Travel Time – Vehicle Congestion, Intersection Delays, Station Stops, Route Structure • Station Dwell Times –Platform Dimensions, Vehicle Layout, Fare Collection, Precision Docking • Wait Time –Passenger Information, Service Frequency, Route Structure • Transfer Time – Vertical and Horizontal In Station Movement

12. Travel Time Elements BRT Elements to Reduce Travel Times • Running Way – Segregation • Running Way – Passing Capability • ITS – Traffic Signal Priority • Service and Operations Planning – Station Spacing

13. Station Dwell Time Elements BRT Elements to Reduce Station Dwell Time • Stations – Platform Height • Stations – Platform Length • Vehicles – Vehicle Layout • Fare Collection – Process • Fare Collection – Media Type • ITS – Precision Docking

14. Wait and Transfer Time Elements BRT Elements to Reduce Wait and Transfer Times • ITS – Advanced Passenger Information Systems • Service and Operations Planning – Service Frequency • Service and Operations Planning – Route Structure • Stations – Interchange Facilities • Service and Operations Plan – Route Structure

15. Reliability Measures Reliability Performance Measuresand Related Metrics • Reliability Focuses on Consistency, i.e. the variance in the various travel time measures • Running Way Travel Time Reliability – Vehicle Congestion, Intersection Delays, Station Stops, Route Structure • Station Dwell Time Reliability –Platform Dimensions, Vehicle Layout, Fare Collection, Precision Docking • Service Reliability –Passenger Information, Service Frequency, Route Structure

16. Reliability Elements BRT Elements to Improve Reliability • Running Way – Segregation and Passing Capability • Station – Platform Height and Length • Vehicle – Vehicle Layout and Type • Service and Operations Plan – Station Spacing, Route Structure and Service Frequency • Fare Collection – Process and Media • ITS – Traffic Signal Priority and Operations Management Systems, Computer Aided Dispatch

17. Image Measures and Elements Image Performance Measures and Elements • Brand Identity Measures – Premium Level Service and Style, Unique Separation From Other Travel Options, Enhanced Amenities, and Sleek and Modern Aesthetics • Brand Identity Elements – Running Way Style, Vehicle Style and Propulsion, Distinctive Station Design, Higher Technology Applications • Community Integration Measures –Pedestrian and Vehicle Access Facilities, Passenger Information Reporting, and Consistent Signage • Community Integration Elements – Running Way Segregation and Station Integration

18. Safety/Security Measures and Elements Passenger Safety and Security Performance Measures, and Elements • Safety Measures – Accident Rates, Public Perception, Risk Management Costs, Maintenance Costs • Safety Elements – Running Way Design and Guidance, Station Platform Height, Amenities, Low Floor Vehicles, Assist and Automation Features, Clear Sight Lines, Lighting, Operations Management Systems • Security Measures – Crime Rate Frequency and Severity • Security Elements – Running Way Design and Guidance, Station Platform Height, Safety and Security Amenities, Vehicles Low Floor, Assist and Automation, Passenger Information, Operations Management Systems

19. Capacity Measures System Capacity Performance Measures • Capacity Is Maximum Passenger Throughput Measure • Determined by Lowest Capacity Element • Utilization Rate is Demand Divided by Design Capacity • Maximum Capacity Measures • Person Capacity in Passengers per Hour • Vehicle Capacity in Seated and Standing or Minimum Square Feet of Floor Space • Station Capacity in Passenger Movement, Transfers and Boardings • Vehicle Capacity in Vehicle Throughput

20. Capacity Performance Metrics and Elements System Capacity Performance Measure Metrics • Vehicle Loading Capacity • Average Dwell Time and Variance • Station Entry and Exit Clearance Times • Failure Rate Averages and Variance Times to Recover • Vehicle Door Number, Size and Use Station Design • Number of Vehicle Loading or Berthing Areas • Vehicle Loading Area Design Configuration • Operator Policy – Schedule Performance and Passenger Loading Design Capacity • Passenger Demand Characteristics – Trip Length, Transfer Rates and Peaking Factors

21. Capacity Elements System Capacity Elements • Running Ways • Higher Levels of Separation Accommodate Increasing Numbers of Vehicle Throughput • Passing Capability at Stations and Along Running Ways • Station • Layout and Design Directly Influences Vehicle Service Times or Throughput • Platform Height Impacts Boarding and Alighting Times • Berthing Areas Affect Vehicle Throughput

22. Capacity Elements System Capacity Elements • Vehicle Design • Size Affects Station Design Needs • Size and layout Affects Passenger Capacity • Service and Operations Plan • Operating Procedures • Service Configuration of Local, Skip and Express • Failure Response • Operating Speeds • Multidoor Boarding and Alighting • ITS – Vehicle Prioritization, Collision Avoidance, Precision Docking

23. BRT Benefits Benefits of BRT Implementation • Higher Ridership • Focused Economic Development • Improvement in Environmental Impacts • Enhanced Revenue Generation • Increased Capital Cost Effectiveness • Greater Opportunity for Operating Efficiencies