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Presenter: Dr. Andrea, Pei-Shan Kao

U nit 4: Contemporary Feminism - an Example of Argentin a 第四單元 : 當代女性主義 _ 以阿根廷為研究案例 National Chiao Tung U niversity, Taipei, Taiwan. Presenter: Dr. Andrea, Pei-Shan Kao. About Feminism.

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Presenter: Dr. Andrea, Pei-Shan Kao

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  1. Unit 4: Contemporary Feminism-an Example of Argentina第四單元:當代女性主義_以阿根廷為研究案例National Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan Presenter: Dr. Andrea, Pei-Shan Kao

  2. About Feminism Definition: A discourse that involves various social theories, political movements which is based on women’s experience. Purpose: To advocate equality for women, campaign for women’s rights and interests. Issues: Gender differences, discrimination, stereotype, repression, and fathers’ rights, etc.

  3. Origin: “A Vindication of the Rights of Woman” written by Mary Wollsonecraft (1759-1797) in 1792.

  4. Process: 3 waves The first wave was in the 19th and early 20th centuries ↓ The second wave was in the 1960s and 1970s ↓ The third wave extends from the 1990s to the present

  5. Ideologies and Theoretical Schools: (1) Liberal Feminism: all women can assert their ability to achieve equality; therefore, it is possible for change to happen without altering the structure of society. (2) Radical Feminism→ Separatist Feminism; (3) Black Feminism→ Womanism; (4) Socialist and Marxist Feminisms: It connects the oppression of women to Marxist ideas about exploitation, oppression and labor. (5) Ecofeminism: It connects the exploitation and domination of women with that of the environment. They argue as men control the land, they can exploit it for their own profit and success; in this situation, women are exploited by men in power for their own profit, success, and pleasure.

  6. Case in North American: Glass Ceiling Effect =Invisible barriers →The term can be traced back to 1979 by Katherine Lawrence and Marianne Schreiber, two ladies working at HP, to describe how women hit a pointwhere they seemed unable to progress beyond although there seemed to be a clear path of promotion.

  7. Example 1: When Carly Fiorina became CEO and chairwoman of the board of HP, she said there was no “glass ceiling”. When she left HP, she called her earlier statement “a dumb thing to say."

  8. Example 2: Hillary Clinton: “Gender glass ceiling cracked” “The goal of winning the presidency is the "highest" and "hardest" glass ceiling facing women.” (June 7,2008)

  9. Her Curriculum Vitae *Born in February 19, 1953 (La Plata, Province of Buenos Aires) *BA in Law ( National University of La Plata) *President December, 2007 *Senator (Buenos Aires) 2005-2007 *First Lay 2003-2007*Senator (Santa Cruz) 2001-2005 *Deputy (Santa Cruz) 1997-2001 *Senator (Santa Cruz) 1995-1997 *Provincial Legislature 1989, 1993 ↑ Source: http://www.american.edu/ted/images2/argfull.gif, “consulted in November, 2008”.

  10. About her -Daughter of Eduardo Fernández (of Spanish heritage) and Ofelia Esther Wilhelm (of German heritage). -Wife of former President: Néstor Krichner. -Member of the Justicialist Party, founded by Juan and Evita Perón in 1947. -The First Lady in history to be elected to succeed her husband as a president.

  11. Presidential Election in 2007 註:根據阿根廷憲法規定,如果參選人能獲得45%得票率,或 40%得票率以及同時領先第二名參選人超過10%,就能直接當選。

  12. Disputes about her: • Extension of a “Dynasty” or victory of “Feminism”? • --Former President’s wife. Her presidency is seen as the key to continue the project of her husband, Kirchner. • -2nd female President of Argentine, after Isabel Perón (1074-1976), but the first to be elected. • -Women’s wages are on average lower those of men by 38%. (The largest in Latin America)

  13. 2. Economic issues…after 8% yearly growth rate in the past 4 years -Her policies are seen as the continuation of the project of her husband, eg: Stronger role for government →Nationalisation. *Kirchner→Nationalised Thales Espectrum (which regulates Argentina’s radio airwaves), Metropolitano (Buenos Aires’ trains), Correo Argentino (the post office) and Aguas Argentina (the water company). *Fernandez→Nationalised the pension funds. -The “inflation” issue -Huge “foreign debts”

  14. 3. Cool relations with the Bush administration because of Argentine-Venezuelan relations ? →Political funding scandal from the U.S.A The U.S. government: Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner won with the help of $800,000 secretly sent from Venezuela. Four people are accused. Her reactions→ “garbage in international politics” Reactions of Venezuela President, Hugo Chavez→ He calls the case a “fabricated scandal.” Source: http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=17246547, “consulted in November 2008”.

  15. Class Discussion 2: Do you support that female can join the Presidential election? That is, do you support a female President? Why? please list all your reasons.

  16. Thanks For Your Listening!!

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