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Controlling Sutardja Dai Hall

Controlling Sutardja Dai Hall. Andrew Krioukov Stephen Dawson- Haggerty, Jay Taneja David Culler. Buildings. 40% of US electricity 42% of greenhouse gas footprint Want: Energy Efficiency Flexible Load. Building Power Consumption. 1MW. 883 kW. 11%. Sutardja Dai Hall.

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Controlling Sutardja Dai Hall

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  1. Controlling Sutardja Dai Hall Andrew Krioukov Stephen Dawson-Haggerty, Jay Taneja David Culler

  2. Buildings 40% of US electricity 42% of greenhouse gas footprint • Want: • Energy Efficiency • Flexible Load

  3. Building Power Consumption 1MW 883 kW 11%

  4. Sutardja Dai Hall 3 years old 7 floors, 140k sq. feet Collaboratories, offices, classrooms, auditorium & nanofab Siemens Controls, WattStopper > 6000 sensors & actuators

  5. Building Control Network Sensors, Actuators Controllers Readings & Actuation sMAP/ HTTP Internet BACnet/IP Modem Siemens P2 over RS-485 Gateway WattStopper Server Siemens Server Modem

  6. Cooling Tower Chiller Hot Water Economizer Air Handler VAV VAV VAV

  7. Problems 1. Oblivious control loops • Increasing thermostat on warm day wastes energy • Conflicting controls 2. Oversizing • Excess ventilation • Oversized chiller Inefficient, Inflexible Control

  8. Why? Modular Building Controller Motorola 68302 16.67 MHz Processor 3MB RAM RS-485 @ 300 - 115.2K bps 60 day battery backup • Hardware: • Resource limited • Reliability is the goal • Supports independent operation • Generic control logic: Oversizing ensures comfortable operation in most buildings with less effort • Historic: Replacing pneumatic/analog controls

  9. Goal Globally-aware control with the same reliability. • What is the architecture? • How to ensure: robustness, security and safety? • What is the control policy?

  10. Building Control Architecture Sensors & Actuators Low-level Control High-level Control Valve pos, Damper pos, Fan speed Set points, PID parameters Weather, Energy Prices Internet Building-wide optimization PID Loops How to do “atomic” building configuration changes? Security model? Enforcing safety constraints.

  11. Policy Components • Supply air temp • Airflow • Room set points • Cold water pumps • Chiller • Hot water pumps

  12. Variable Air Volume (VAV) Box • Ventilation • Maintain temperature 100% Heating Valve Cold Airflow Min airflow 0% Too Cold Setpoint Too Hot

  13. VAV Control 100% Cooling Dead band 100% Heating

  14. Conflicting VAVs Max heating • S1-9 - Mechanical Room • S4-20 - Floor 4 open office • S5-9 - Floor 5 hallway • S5-21 - Floor 5 open office • S5-4 - Floor 5 open office • S7-9 - Floor 7 open office • S7-3 - Floor 7 open office Max Cooling • S1-1 – Boiler room • S4-4 – Floor 4 open office • S5-8 - Floor 5 office • S5-10 - Floor 5 open office • S7-13 - Floor 7 open office • S7-10 - Floor 7 open office • S7-1 - Floor 7 open office

  15. Ventilation • TITLE 24: • 15 CFM per person of fresh air • 900 – 1100 PPM CO2 • VAVs have static minimum airflow base on: • Maximum occupancy • Minimum fresh air intake

  16. Fresh Air Intake

  17. Questions?

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