EXTREME COSMETICS

1. EXTREME COSMETICS

2. BEAUTY WITH BOTOX Botox injections are one of the most popular cosmetic treatments in the world. Celebrities like Madonna, Kylie Minogue and Liz Hurley are rumoured to be keeping the wrinkles at bay this way. Two years ago Sir Cliff Richard admitted to having had the treatment and now it is an increasingly popular choice for ordinary women looking for a quick way to look younger.

3. What is Botox ??? Botox is made from 'botulinum toxin', a poison produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. This bacterium causes botulism - a severe form of food poisoning. In small quantities, however, Botox merely interrupts nerve impulses to muscles in the face. Botox first began to be used in 1980 to treat many muscle disorders such as lazy eye, eye ticks and uncontrolled blinking. Cosmetics treatments were pioneered by dermatological surgeons in 1987.

4. Before… In small doses, Botox works by paralysing the muscles of the face which are used in frowning and raising the eyebrows. When these muscles relax, the fine lines and wrinkles smooth out. Unfortunately, when it is overdone, Botox treatment can leave the face with a lack of expression. This is reputed to have caused a problem for some actors.

5. Fashion fads in history Men and women have been prepared to suffer for the sake of their appearance for centuries. During her reign, Queen Elizabeth I started a fashion for pale skin. Ladies began to paint their faces with a cream made from powdered white lead, egg white and vinegar. These creams gave the face a shiny appearance and smiling could easily 'crack' the face. The noxious effects of the lead paint caused many problems and even some deaths. In the 1700s, black patches were stuck to the skin to cover the scars caused by toxic face creams

6. Baby faces are beautiful… Nowadays, movie stars such as Cameron Diaz are seen by many as the ideal of beauty. In fact, the attraction of young faces may have a scientific explanation. Big, wide-spaced eyes, plump cheeks and soft, unmarked skin are sometimes retained into maturity. These faces are the ones found to be the most eye-catching. In scientific studies, pictures of people with 'baby faces' inspired feelings of affection and care in those tested. Cosmetic treatments are increasingly popular because they are quicker, less painful and more subtle than plastic surgery. Many treatments are being hailed as a 'lunch hour' facelift because of their speed.

7. How long does it last? Injections take effect about three to seven days after treatment and the effect lasts three or four months. A treatment costs roughly £200. With repeated treatments, atrophy or thinning of the muscles occurs, which produces longer lasting results. Botox may be unsuitable for use around the mouth as the muscles there are important for facial expressions and eating.

8. Side effects Soreness or mild bruising can occur around the injection site. In rare instances patients may experience a droopy eyebrow or eyelid. Headaches can also occur. Since it is still a relatively new treatment, any possible side effects of long-term use are still unknown. Botox should only be administered by experienced and well-trained doctors or nurses. A high dose could cause poisoning, or an exaggerated effect. Botox and Bollinger Botox parties are causing concern amongst practitioners. People are receiving treatments whilst sipping champagne. The American Academy of Dermatology has warned against this practice. Alcohol and Botox do not mix well. Not only can booze intensify bruising but it can also wash the toxin away from the target muscle.

9. Injecting Collagen, Silicone and Fat Collagen, silicone and fat are known as 'injectible fillers', because they have a wide range of uses - from filling out acne scars and wrinkles to plumping up lips. Melanie Griffith is famously rumoured to have used collagen injections to create her bee-sting pout. Liz Hurley and Pamela Anderson are also thought to have chosen this option.

10. Collagen Injectible collagen is a liquid made from the connective tissue of cows or pigs and is inserted under the skin for cosmetic purposes. Eventually the body metabolises the collagen. The effects generally last between a few months and a year and a half. So collagen injections have to be repeated regularly. Side effects About 3% of the population is allergic to collagen, so testing needs to be carried out before treatment. Before... This involves injecting collagen into the forearm and watching for a reaction over a month. But the allergy test is not perfect and a small percentage of people who have passed the test will go on to develop an allergy during treatment. Allergies lead to • rashes • joint and muscle pain • headache • blistering • Soreness ...and after

11. Silicone Liquid silicone is also used in much the same way as collagen. Side effects include: movement of the silicone to other parts of the body bruising discoloration of surrounding tissues Fat Fat is harvested from other parts of the patient's body and then injected into the lips or around wrinkles. It is often used to fill out sunken cheeks. This treatment avoids any allergy problems but is a more complicated and time-consuming procedure.

12. Cosmetic Peels A peel is a treatment that involves wounding the skin by taking away the top layers. Afterwards, the new skin underneath heals to form a top layer, which is smoother and brighter than before. Peels can be done using chemicals, abrasives or lasers. Many cosmetic surgeons recommend them as a top-up treatment following a face-lift. A chemical solution is applied to the skin. It then blisters off over a period of up to 14 days. After this, healed skin is smoother and brighter. Chemical peels are often used to treat fine lines around the eyes and mouth. Sags, bulges and more severe wrinkles do not respond well.The depth of the peel depends on the type of chemical used. Mild peels are performed using alpha hydroxy acid (AHA), glycolic acid or some fruit acids. The strongest and deepest peels use phenol.

13. Microdermabrasion Another popular type of peel is 'microdermabrasion' where the top layers of skin are literally sanded off. Over a million Americans booked this treatment last year. A spray of sterile micro-particles such as fine aluminium oxide, diamond or salt crystals is applied to the skin. The particles and the dead skin are then literally vacuumed out.This treatment removes the top layer of skin along with: • blackheads • whiteheads • minor lines • discolorations • large pores • scaly textures

14. Lasers produce a single wavelength or colour of light, which can be varied in intensity. In cosmetic treatments, the energy of a laser is used to vaporize the top layers of skin.This method of resurfacing the skin has a similar effect as a chemical peel or microdermabrasion. It is often used to remove smoker's lines around the lips.Laser resurfacing is still a relatively new procedure, but its popularity is growing fast.There is often less scarring and pain than other peel procedures. The laser can penetrate the skin to precisely controlled depths. Light laser treatments only penetrate the epidermis and papillary dermis. Deeper ones remove the reticular dermis. LASERS

15. Side effects Badly practised laser treatments can cause burns and scarring. There is also a minimal risk of permanent colour change to the skin. Olive and black skins are more prone to this. Deeper laser surgery Lasers can be used in other ways to improve skin quality. In some procedures, the laser penetrates beneath the top layers of skin to stimulate collagen growth in the lower layers. This tightens the underlying skin, improving skin tone and removing fine lines. This is a popular technique that has few side effects and rapid healing.

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