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F 3 Layer in Equatorial Ionosphere – Effect of  V arious D isturbing F actors

F 3 Layer in Equatorial Ionosphere – Effect of  V arious D isturbing F actors. Klimenko M . V . 1 , Klimenko V . V . 1 , Karpachev A . T . 2 , Ratovsky K . G . 3 , Vesnin A . M . 3. 1 West Department of Pushkov IZMIRAN RAS, Kaliningrad, Russia 2 Pushkov IZMIRAN RAS, Moscow, Russia

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F 3 Layer in Equatorial Ionosphere – Effect of  V arious D isturbing F actors

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  1. F3Layer in Equatorial Ionosphere – Effect of Various Disturbing Factors KlimenkoM.V.1, KlimenkoV.V.1, KarpachevA.T.2, RatovskyK.G.3, VesninA.M.3 1 West Department of Pushkov IZMIRAN RAS, Kaliningrad, Russia 2Pushkov IZMIRAN RAS, Moscow, Russia 3 Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russia

  2. Observation of the F2-layerStratification Sen, H. Y.: Stratification of the F2 layer of the ionosphere over Singapore, J. Geophys. Res., 54, 363–366, 1949.

  3. Kinget al. Preliminary investigation of the structure of the upper atmosphere as observed by the topside sounder satellite, Alouette, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 281, 464–487, 1964. Lockwood and Nelms. Topside sounder observations of the equatorial anomaly in the 75W longitude zone, JATP, 26, № 5. 569–580, 1964.

  4. Formation of F2-layerStratification From Surotkin et al., 1985, Geomagnetism and Aeronomy Huang, 1974, 1975 Radio Science

  5. G-layer Balan, N. and Bailey, G. J.: Equatorial plasma fountain and its effects: Possibility of an additional layer, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 21421–21432,1995. F3-layer Balan, N., G.J. Bailey, M.A. Abdu, K.I. Oyama, P.G. Richards, J. MacDougall, and I.S. Batista (1997), Equatorial plasma fountain and its effects over three locations: Evidence for an additional layer, the F3 layer, J. Geophys. Res., 102, No. A2. 2047–2056. Balan, N., I.S. Batista, M.A. Abdu, J. MacDougall, and G.J. Bailey (1998),Physical mechanism and statistics of occurrence of an additional layer in the equatorial ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 103, No. A12, 29169–29182. Balan, N., Batista, I.S., Abdu, M.A., Sobral, J.H.A., MacDougall, J., Bailey, G.J., 1999. Occurrence of an additional layer in the ionosphere over Fortaleza. AdvancesinSpaceResearch 24 (11), 1481–1484. Balan, N., Batista, I. S., Abdu, M. A., Bailey, G. J., Watanabe, S., Macdougall, J., and Sobral, J. H. A.: Variability of an additional layer in the equatorial ionosphere over Fortaleza, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 10603–10613, 2000. Lynn, K. J.W., Harris, T. J., and Sjarifudin, M.: Stratification of the F2 layer observed over Southeast Asia, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 27147–27156, 2000. Rama Rao, P. V. S., Niranjan, K., Prasad, D. S. V. V. D., Brahmanandam, P. S., and Gopikrishna, S.: Features of additional stratification in ionospheric F2 layer observed for half a solar cycle over Indian low latitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A04307, doi:10.1029/2004JA010646, 2005. Uemoto J., Maruyama T., Ono T., Saito S., Iizima M., Kumamoto A. Observations and model calculations of the F3 layer in the Southeast Asian equatorial ionosphere // JGR 2010 From Jenkins et al., 1997 Ann. Geophysicae. Vol.15. 753-759. From Batista et al., 2002 JATP. Vol.64. 753-759.

  6. F3-layer Formation From Balan et al., 1998 JGR V.103. № A12. 29,169-29,181.

  7. Can the F3-layer occur in the night and afternoon sector? If yes what is the mechanism of it? How change the formation mechanism of additional layer during storm? Model GSM TIP BriefDescription GlobalSelf-consistentModeloftheThermosphere, IonosphereandProtonosphere(GSM TIP) wasdevelopedinWesternDepartmentof IZMIRAN. The model GSM TIP was described in details inNamgaladzeetal., 1988; 1991.Themodelisaddedbythenewblockofelectricfield calculation Klimenkoetal., 2006, 2007. Inthismodelthenumericaldecisionofthehydrodynamicsequationsformulticomponentgasmixture, consistingofneutral (O2, N2, O, H), andcharged (themolecularions O2+, NO+, atomicions O+, H+, andelectrons) particlesisrealized.Inthemodel GSM TIP bytheself-consistentmannerthethermosphericwindsfromtheequationsofmovementofneutralgasandtheelectricfieldsofdynamoandmagnetosphericoriginarecalculated.All model equations are solved by finite-difference method.

  8. Intercosmos-19 satellite From Depuev and Pulinets, 2001, Adv. Space Res. Ионограмма ИК-19 вблизи геомагнитного экватора, полученная 26 марта 1980 г. для 02:50 LT. From Karpachev et al., 2012, JASTP

  9. From Klimenko and Klimenko, 2012 Geomagnetism and Aeronomy

  10. F3-layer during storm-time Zhao et al., Ann. Geophys. 2005. Paznukhovet al., JASTP 2007. Balan et al., JGR 2008. Lin et al., JGR 2009. Sreeja et al., JGR 2009.

  11. Storm sequence on September 2005

  12. From Klimenko et al., 2011 Radio Science

  13. SSW effects Chau et al, JGR 2010 Fuller-Rowell et al., JGR 2011 Goncharenko et al, GRL 2010 ECMWF + TIME-GCM +GSM TIP

  14. Peru Earthquake on September 26, 2005 (5.7°S, 76.4°W; Φ=5.6°, Λ=353.4°)

  15. ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ • В данной работе представлены все возможные методы исследования дополнительных слоев в экваториальной ионосфере. Показана возможность появления дополнительных слоев в вечернее и ночное время. Неоднородный по высоте вертикальный EB дрейф плазмы представляется наиболее вероятным механизмом для объяснения этого явления.Следует отметить необходимость дальнейших исследований механизма формирования дополнительных слоев в экваториальной ионосфере. По нашему мнению наиболее важными направлениями в данном исследовании являются: • экспериментальная проверка гипотезы о формировании F3-слоя неоднородным по высоте EBдрейфом плазмы • выявление роли термосферных приливов и гравитационных волн в формировании дополнительных слоев • влияние солнечных, магнитосферных, атмосферных и литосферных возмущений на формирование, время жизни, и количество дополнительных слоев.

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