Bones of the Upper Limb

1. Bones of the Upper Limb • The forearm has two bones • Ulna • Radius • They join at the radioulnar joint (distal/proximal) Figure 5.21c

2. Bones of the Upper Limb • The hand • 8 Carpals – wrist • 5 Metacarpals – palm • 14 Phalanges – fingers Figure 5.22

3. Bellwork: 11/15/10 • What bones do the clavicle articulate with?

4. Bones of the Pelvic Girdle • Hip bones (coxal bones) • Composed of three pairs of fused bones • Ilium • Ischium • Pubic bone(pubis) • The total weight of the upper body rests on the pelvis • Protects reproductive organs, urinary bladder, part of the large intestine (bony pelvis)

5. The Pelvis Figure 5.23a

6. Gender Differences of the Pelvis Figure 5.23c

7. Bony Pelvis (pelvis) • Includes hip bones, sacrum, and coccyx • Divided into two regions: • False pelvis: superior to the true pelvis • Area medial to the flaring portions of the ilia • True pelvis: surrounded by bone • Lies inferior to the flaring parts of the ilia and pelvic brim • Dimensions are important in women: Must be large enough for infant’s head to pass through

8. Gender differences in Pelvis • Female inlet is wider and more circular • The female pelvis is shallower • Bones of female pelvis are lighter and thinner • The female ilia flare more laterally (wider) • Female sacrum is shorter and less curved • Female ischial spines are shorter/further apart • Female pubic arch is more rounded (>90 deg)

9. Gender Differences of the Pelvis Figure 5.23c

10. Bones of the Lower Limbs • The thigh has one bone • Femur – thigh bone • Largest/strongest bone in in the body • Acetabulum: receives the head of the femur Figure 5.24a–b

11. Bones of the Lower Limbs • The leg has two bones • Tibia- “shinbone” • Medial • Tibial Tuberosity (patellar ligament attaches here) • Fibula • Lateral • Proximal/Distal tibiofibular joint Figure 5.24c

12. Bones of the Lower Limbs • The foot • 7 tarsal bones – ankle • Calcaneus (heel) • 5 Metatarsals – sole • 14 Phalanges – toes Figure 5.25