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Drivers and Impact for Optical Networking Ecosystem

Drivers and Impact for Optical Networking Ecosystem. Shifting to the Cloud… Enterprise and personal IT are moving to the cloud computing. Video and more Video…. Internet streaming. Service Providers become “All Play” providers…. 2013 - IP at 5x 2008 levels with 90% Video.

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Drivers and Impact for Optical Networking Ecosystem

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  1. Drivers and Impact for Optical Networking Ecosystem Shifting to the Cloud… Enterprise and personal IT are moving to the cloud computing Video and more Video…. Internet streaming Service Providers become “All Play” providers… 2013 - IP at 5x 2008 levels with 90% Video Slow Revenue Growth Dynamic Traffic Networks Exponential Traffic Growth IP Video Traffic 90% Business challenges Technology challenges Other IP Traffic Need more optical channel capacity : 100G/400G/1T Reduce cost /bit/switch/transport Improve service provisioning, time and resource utilization : SDT/ROADM/SDN

  2. Optical Network Evolution History and roadmap 40G/100G Coherent 400G/1T Superchannel 40G 80 Channels • Bandwidth on Demand • N:M ROADM configuration • Gridless ROADM • 400G/1T transceivers • Fully automated network • 100G Coherent networks support • DCFless networks • Colorless / directionless / contentionless • WSON GMPLS-based • IP over WDM • Mesh topology • ASON GMPLS-based • ODU basednetworks • 10G/40G channels, ready for 100G coherent • Plug and play 10G 40 Channels • SDH / Sonet / EoS services support • Ring topology • East/west protection • Reconfigurable OADM • WDM over OTN • 10G channels 2.5G CWDM, DWDM 2008 2012 2015- 2011 2006 • SDH / Sonet Networks • Increase capacity • Point-to-point • CWDM/DWDM • Up to 40 channels • 2.5/10G channels Continued demand for bandwidth from all applications

  3. From Direct Detection to Coherent Detection Up to 10G (SE = 0.2 b/s/Hz) 40G/100G/200G coherent solution (SE > 2 b/s/Hz) Intradyne Coherent detection • Phase and polarization diverse receiver • Frequency Locked Lasers (<+/- 2 GHz) • Digital Signal Processing at TX/RX 40G non coherent solution (SE = 0.8 b/s/Hz) TX RX

  4. Current 100G Coherent Transceiver architecture Modulation format : DP-QPSK (Symbol Rate is ¼ Bit Rate : 2bit/s symbol x 2pol) Integrated PDM QPSK MZM LiNBO3 Modulator Integrated Coherent receiver 40 nm CMOS ASIC with 4 (8 bit resolution) x63 Gsamples/s ADC * Nelson et al, “A Robust Real-Time 100G Transceiver With Soft-Decision Forward Error Correction” J. OPT. COMMUN. NETW, vol 4, no. 11,2012

  5. Current 100G Coherent Transceiver architecture Resampling 1 bit +reliability bit info 6-8 bits • DSP block • Coh. Rx PMD>30 ps D>60000 ps/nm • ADCs • Ix • S Clock recovery &Interpolation • Qx • 90° • Hybrid • & Detector Soft Symbol estimation Slicing j Frequency & phase recovery • LO SD- FEC decoder • Iy OTU4 112G • Qy j 120G

  6. 100G submarine Field trial over 4600 km The 100G trial was carried out over Bezeq International’s live operational submarine fiber, in conjunction with the TeraSanta Consortium : demonstration of advanced capabilities of ECI 100G transmission system and technologies in compensating for non-linear channel impairments and chromatic dispersion utilizing advanced SD-FEC algorithms.  DMUX 100G Apollo Platform 100G MUX

  7. Next Generation of Coherent Transceiver : : Software Defined Transceiver (SDT) • 28 or 20 nm CMOS ASIC with DAC/ADC and DSP capabilities in both TX/RX • Power reduction • Higher computational strength • Adapt modulation format/Symbol rate Si Photonics IC with Electronic and Optical functionality Optical Carrier Client Data Rate FEC overhead TX DSP Modulation format 100G/150G/200G/400G/1T Flexgrid tunable laser (C/L band) Pulse Shaping BPSK/QPSK/ 8-QAM/16QAM 0%-30%

  8. New DSP features • Nyquist spectral shaping at TX : increases of the spectral efficiency by reducing the channel bandwidth to ~ symbol rate Raised Cosine FIR filter

  9. New DSP features • Self diagnostic monitoring features : • Accumulated Chromatic Dispersion monitor • PMD monitor • OSNR monitor • ESNR monitor • Still missing : Efficient nonlinear compensation technique • Current state of the art techniques based on digital back propagation or Volterra Series are too complex for real time ASIC implementation • Nonlinear optical impairments are the ultimate limitations in optical network

  10. Transmission Technology options for 400 Gb/s Symbol Rate 1x480G 4x120G 2x240G Limitations of DACs/ADC and electronics 90 Gbaud • 4 bands with DP-QPSK (30Gbaud) • No spectral efficiency improvement over 100G • Suitable for long haul (>2000 km) 60 Gbaud f f f 30 Gbaud 32-QAM 64-QAM 16-QAM 8-QAM QPSK 256-QAM • 1 bands with DP-16 QAM (60 Gbaud) • High spectral efficiency • Reach Limited to Metro (~700 km) Constellation size 1 Reach Limited <<100km 2 • 1 bands with DP-256 QAM (30 Gbaud) • Extremely high spectral efficiency • Reach Limited (~100 km) 3 1x480G 4 • 2 bands with DP-16 QAM (30 Gbaud) • High spectral efficiency • Reach Metro /Long Haul distances Subcarriers/band

  11. Hybrid Raman Amplifiers Improving transmission reach • Complex Coherent modulation formats like 200G DP-16QAM require for 6-8 dB OSNR improvement with respect with current 100G DP-QPSK modulation format • The use of hybrid Raman-EDFA amplification schemes is required to improve the received OSNR or mitigate the nonlinear penalties by lowering the launched power into the fiber : can improve the transmission reach by 100% Non linear impairments Non linear impairments Non linear impairments With Hybrid Raman –EDFA amplification Low OSNR Low OSNR Low OSNR

  12. Superchannels Improving spectral efficiency beyond 100G • Future services of 400Gb/s and 1T will be packed into super channels, in order to provide optimum flexibility and reach performance tradeoffs : • 400G : 2 channels spaced by 37.5 GHz • 1T : 5 channels spaced by 37.5 GHz • For optimized spectral efficiency, Super channels use Nyquist spectral shaping and Flexgrid WSS ROADMs

  13. Flexgrid Networks • To increase spectral efficiency, we move from a fixed channel grid (50GHz/100GHz) to flexible channel grid management : • 6.25 GHz grid • 12.5 GHz bandwidth granularity • The channel spectral slot is adapted on a per channel basis using : • 10G/ 40G on 25 GHz slot • 100G and 200G on 37.5 GHz slot • 400G on 75 GHz slot • 1T on 187.5 GHz slot 100G 400G 1T 10G 40G Fixed 50GHz grid f 50 GHz Increase by 25 % the available useable fiber bandwidth 400G 100G 1T 10G Flex grid f 40G 50 GHz

  14. Flex Grid Technology enablers • Very stable tunable lasers compatible with 6.25 GHz grid resolution • Flexgrid ROADMs : • First generation of WSS allocated a channel on a single MEM based pixel • Flexible WSS based on LCoS technology use a flexible matrix based wavelength switching platform with megapixel matrices allowing programmable channel bandwidth * EXFO Webinar : “400G Technologies: the new challenges that lie ahead”,04/02/2014 http://www.exfo.com/library/multimedia/webinars/400g-technologies-challenges

  15. Optical Network Node with Full Flexibility • Network node capabilities are enhanced with new features allowing full flexibility : • Flexgrid : any channel/ superchannel can be directed towards any other node • Colorless • Directionless • Contentionless Flexgrid WSS

  16. Optical Network Node with Full Flexibility • Network node capabilities are enhanced with new features allowing full flexibility : • Flexgrid • Colorless : any wavelength can be added or dropped at any port • Directionless • Contentionless

  17. Optical Network Node with Full Flexibility • Network node capabilities are enhanced with new features allowing full flexibility : • Flexgrid • Colorless • Directionless : any wavelength can be directed at any direction an reach a given port • Contentionless

  18. Optical Network Node with Full Flexibility • Network node capabilities are enhanced with new features allowing full flexibility : • Flexgrid • Colorless • Directionless • Contentionless : Multiple channels of the same wavelength can be dropped or added by a single module

  19. Optimum management of the optical spectrum resources • Optimized routing and resource allocation algorithms for flexible optical networking • Conventional Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA) algorithms can be used only for rigid grid networking • New paradigms based on Routing and Spectral allocation Assignment (RSA) algorithms should be developed for flexible grid networking • Physical Impairment awareness and optimal combination of Software Defined Transceiver parameters (modulation format/symbol rate, FEC overhead) will be required Need to find optimum strategies for spectrum defragmentation Rigid grid network Flex grid network

  20. Software Defined Networking : Why ? Flexible Multi-layer Networking • Bandwidth hungry services (video, mobile data, cloud services) lead to new traffic characteristics : • Rapidly changing traffic patterns • High Pic to average traffic ratio • Large Data chunk transfers • Asymmetric traffic between nodes • SDN will turn the networks into programmable virtualized resource for better efficiency and automation

  21. Software Defined Networking Flexible Multi-layer Networking Application requirements Dynamic connectivity Bandwidth QoS Resiliency User I/Fs Network Apps Open APIs SND Control Plane Hardware Abstraction & Virtualization SDN Control Plane Aware of Application requirement Optimized resource and configuration OpenFlow Multi layer Network Elements Ethernet switch/MPLS router OTN switch ROADM, SDT Fiber switch Multi layer network elements

  22. Conclusion • The future optical transport networking will provide better • Capacity : coherent modulation formats, superchannel, better SE • Flexibility : software defined transceivers, flexible grid, flexible CDC ROADMs nodes • Resource utilization : impairment aware- RSA algorithms, SDN • The future optical transport networking needs to provide : • Efficient nonlinear optical impairment compensation techniques • Strategies for pro-active and re-active spectrum defragmentation and fragmentation awareness in service expansion and contraction policies • Energy efficient strategies • Capex and Opex reductions

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