Roots of Czarist Russia and its Demise: Animal Farm

1. Mrs. Caruso Notes for Animal Farm Roots of Czarist Russia and its Demise: Animal Farm

2. Major Characters: Czar Nickolas II- the last king of Russia Vladimir Lenin - leader of the communist movement Leon Trotsky- Lenin’s friend, communist /planner of the revolution Joseph Stalin- Participates in the Russian Revolution; later rules Russia with deadly force Czarist Russia Falls and there is the Rise of The USSR

3. The Romanovs Last family to rule Russia “Czar” is taken from Roman word “Caesar” meaning “Emperor” Part of a 303 year history of Russian Rulers Family members related to all major European monarchs, including England and Germany Exposition: Russia under the Romanovs

4. Czar Nicholas II Traditional/Old fashioned ruler Pays little attention to his people Gained the throne at age 28 upon father’s death Royal family under the influence of Rasputin (a monk, doctor, astrologer, with “supernatural powers” Nicholas focuses on expanding Empire toinclude FINLAND and POLAND Has conflicts with Sweden and Germany Exposition

5. Nicholas and the Industrial Revolution Does not respect or take interest in new technology Makes no rules for industry to protect workers Railroads have no set standard Size of rails and cars vary by region- Exposition: Russia under the Romanovs

6. Makes no attempt to change economy Still bad conditions for working class He gives workers more rights in 1905 out of fear He exiles leaders after their attempts to organize and overtake the system including Lenin and Trotsky Takes up violence against worker’s protests 170 miners were shot dead by the Russian army when they went to express their concerns to Nicholas in 1912 (Bloody Sunday)- helps spark the Revolution Exposition: Russia under the Romanovs

7. Final issues 1904-05- Russia has a was with Japan and is beaten Nicholas focuses on Foreign policy instead of helping its own people July 1914- Russia enters WWII as U.S. ally The war destroys their economy even further The Romanovs continue to live lavishly while their people suffer Exposition: Russia under the Romanovs

8. December 18, 1916 The Leaders of the Russian government rebel and execute Rasputin (the family “wizard”) Felix Yusupov is NOT executed by the Romanovs because they know he is loved by the people, so instead he is sent to exile with his family in southern Russia By not executing the man who shot Rasputin, the Romanovs now appear weak and powerless Initiating Event

9. February 1917 WWI continues Cities in Russia filled with food lines Crowds stage demonstrations against war and government Nicholas responds with violence Troops are ordered to fire on demonstrators The demonstrators DO NOT go away The police JOIN the crowds Rising Action

10. March 2, 1917 Nicholas signs act of abdictation (quits) Russia now under competing governments *Provisional Government- middle class owners *Soviet (representative)- workers Provisional government wins the power struggle *Vladimir Lenin Leader of the Bolsheviks (communists) Learns events from his exile in Switzerland Rising Action:The first Revolution

11. *Alexander Karensky A deputy in the Russian Government Liked socialism as a means of helping Russia, but saw communism as terrorism Late February, 1917, took over the revolt and became its leader. Becomes leader of the Provisional government Sends the Romanovs into exile in Ekaterinburg Western capitalist nations like him Rising Action: The First Revolution

12. Summer 1917 *Karinsky’s war offensive is a disaster Russian army is deserting by the thousands Bolsheviks make their first moves Trotsky returns to Russia; Lenin is on his way They declare provisional government “bourgeois” Early uprising against government fails The New Russian Government is collapsing! Rising Action : TheFirst Revolution