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Chapter 5

Shaping a New Nation. Chapter 5. POWER. Things that are key in this chapter…. The Articles of Confederation The Constitutional Convention The New Constitution The Bill of Rights. A Key Question:. What will the relationship between the states and the federal government be?

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Chapter 5

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  1. Shaping a New Nation Chapter 5

  2. POWER

  3. Things that are key in this chapter… • The Articles of Confederation • The Constitutional Convention • The New Constitution • The Bill of Rights

  4. A Key Question: • What will the relationship between the states and the federal government be? • The states are reluctant to unite and lose their power and individuality.

  5. 3 BIG ISSUES IN THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS • How will states be represented? • How will power be shared? • Who will get lands in the West? Echoes of the issues With Britain.

  6. The Articles ofConfederation Were weak because that is what the colonies wanted. = the first Constitution of the United States

  7. No national courts. State courts fought. The government could not tax. States had to be willing give money to the national government. Very difficult to change New laws had to be approved by ALL states. No powerful Executive No ability to control commerce. Problems with the A. of C.

  8. These two hobbled the government

  9. Lands in the West were an issue!!! • States without western land claims felt cheated. • The colonies CEDED all of their lands to the federal government. • Two key laws were made to control those lands. -Huge effect of the American Landscape!!!

  10. The Land Ordinance of 1785 • Established a plan for surveying and dividing the land. • Look at the map of states the existed before it!!

  11. The Northwest Ordinance • Created the process for dividing land into territories. • Set requirements for the admission of new states. • What about the natives?

  12. How a territory becomes a state? • 1. Congress appoints a territorial governor and judges. • 2. When a territory has 5,000 voting residents, they can write a temporary constitution and elect a government. • 3. When the pop. reaches 60,000 free inhabitants, the residents write a constitution and when it is approved, they can become a state.

  13. The government faced some problems it couldn’t solve!!! TAXES DEBT BRITAIN & SPAIN

  14. Shay's Rebellion

  15. Constitutional Convention • The states realized that they needed to make some changes • So they met in Philadelphia in 1787.

  16. The Constitutional Convention

  17. A few facts: • They were only supposed to fix the Articles of Confederation but... • They met in Philadelphia from May to September in 1787. • The meeting was secret!!! • People knew they were meeting but they did not share details.

  18. First they agree to… • Scrap the Articles of Confederation. • Create 3 Branches of Government. Why? Executive Legislative Judicial

  19. 1st problem • How will the states be represented in the government? • The Small States and Large States disagreed.

  20. The New Jersey Plan Each State would get equal representation in Congress This would make smaller states more powerful. The Virginia Plan Each state would get representation based upon population This would give large states greater power (representation). 2 Plans Were Proposed Small States Large States

  21. The solution was… The Great Compromise • Proposed by Roger Sherman • Created a bicameral legislature. The House of Representatives The Senate Equal representation Representation by pop.

  22. 2nd Problem • The framers of the Constitution did not trust the common man. • Why? • The common man was a simple farmer.

  23. So in order to “protect” the country they created… • The Electoral College • The indirect election of Senators. • States created land ownership requirements in order to vote.

  24. 3rd Problem • Should Slaves count towards the population of southern states.

  25. The SOUTH says slaves should be counted as part of the population. How is this different from what they usually believe about slaves? The North says that slaves should not be counted . What if they just agreed? The North and South Disagree

  26. The 3/5 Compromise • 3/5 of the slave population would be counted towards the population of southern states. • This means that each slave counts as 3/5 of a person.

  27. After the Constitutional Convention • The Constitution is released to the public. 9 states must ratify it before it takes effect. • Two sides form. • Supporters of the Constitution= Federalists • People opposed are called Anti-Federalists. Hamilton Jefferson

  28. The Federalist Papers

  29. And so.. • In Late 1787 the constitution is adopted by the states… • But only after they promise to make a list of rights reserved to the people. • 1789- The Bill of Rights is adopted.

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