Paragraph Development _____ by Cause and Effect

1. Paragraph Development _____ by Cause and Effect

2. INTRODUCTION: In our daily conversation, questions with ‘Why’ are often asked and answered. It is some- thing we are familiar with. But it is not always easy to explain causes and effects clearly and logically. One reason for this is that an effect may have many causes and a cause may have many effects. So we must be thorough in our discussion and careful in our selection of details. Sound reasoning or logic is naturally the most quality of any analysis.

3. 1) When writing a cause-and-effect paragraph, bear in mind that if you want make it reasonable or logical. You must not take it for granted that event A causes event B simply because event A precedes event B. In other words, you must explain clearly what really brings about a particular result. 2) Keep possible shift in order. In cause-and-effect writing, it seems convenient to state the effect first and then analyze the causes. The reverse order; however, is to be preferred when one cause leads to a number of effects.

4. The General Structure of the Paragraph of this Kind

5. Structure 1: Structure 2:

6. You will have to determine which causes or effects you're going to write about. For instance, if there are too many causes for you to deal with in the scope of your essay, you'll have to decide what are the main causes, the ones you have to treat, and then suggest to your reader that there are other, relatively minor, causes outside the scope of your essay. • The cause and effect essay can end in a number of ways. It might be enough for your paper to point out causes or effects that people might not have thought of before, or to sort out those causes or effects so that people can grasp them with fresh insight or in a newly organized fashion. On the other hand, your essay might lead to a call for action based on patterns of cause and effect that you have perceived.

7. Development: 1.Choose the topic sentence 2.Decide the supporting details A. Effective Details（statistics , examples ,and so forth） The choice of the method is often determined by the topic. B. Sub-topic sentences §sub-topic sentences are useful for long paragraphs §similar to the topic sentence, it has a controlling idea which needs to be supported with examples §not every paragraph must have sub-topic sentences Example: Topic sentence: The Green House Effect will cause dramatic changes in the world. Sub-topic sentence: Because of the increase of the temperature of up to 10 degrees, there will be changes in existing patterns of agriculture 3.Conclusion

8. Reference model 1 : • In these years, the record companies have been competing to bring out the latest versions of the same pieces, but they didn't bother finding out if music fans wanted them. Now they realize their mistake, but too late. Nothing illustrates the problems facing the classical music industry better than Beethoven's Fifth Symphony. With over 100 different compact disc (CD) recordings of the Fifth currently available, this is one example of a popular piece of music which has been recorded too many times. The CD-buying public, it seems, has lost its taste for new recordings of famous pieces.

9. Reference model 2 : • Advertisements are one of the most frustrating parts of watching television. The reasons for this are as follows. In the first place, owing to the frequent advertisements, much time is wasted. In the second place, the advertisements interrupt the viewers, which leads to the viewers losing their appetite for the good show. In the third place, they make people under constant economic pressure because the ads make many products look more attractive than they really are. Since ads could not disappear from TV screen, the television viewers must be aware and critical of the advertisements in order to endure them.

10. Useful sentence patterns for cause: • There are several reasons why / for… • The reasons for…are… • The reasons why…are as follows. • …is caused by / due to / because of… • Words to be used for cause: • because (of), since, now that, as a result of, on account of, for this reason, owing to, due to, result from

11. Useful sentence patterns for effect: • The result / effect consequence of…is… • …will result in… • Therefore, … • As a result (of…), … • Words to be used for effect: • lead to, result in, contribute to, so that, thus, hence, consequently, accordingly, in view of… • made by group3