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Ch.24 Sec.3

Ch.24 Sec.3. European Claims in Muslim Regions. Stresses in Muslim Regions. Empires in Decline Ottomans in the Middle East, Safavids in Iran, and the Mughals in India Governments lost control over powerful groups, corruption, etc. Rise of Muslim Reform Movements

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Ch.24 Sec.3

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  1. Ch.24 Sec.3 European Claims in Muslim Regions

  2. Stresses in Muslim Regions • Empires in Decline • Ottomans in the Middle East, Safavids in Iran, and the Mughals in India • Governments lost control over powerful groups, corruption, etc. • Rise of Muslim Reform Movements • Stressed religious piety and strict rules of behavior • In the Sudan, Muhammad Ahmad declared himself Mahdi, the savior of the faith • Resisted British expansion • Wahhabi movement in Arabia • Reject ideas of the Ottoman Empire, replace with simple Muslim teachings • European Imperialism • Had to accept unfair treaties from European powers

  3. Problems in the Ottoman Empire • Nationalist Revolts Break Out • Multi-ethnic – threatened to break away • Revolts and uprisings • European Pressure Increases • Russia and Britain wanted control of the Mediterranean Sea • German Empire built railways • Efforts to Westernize • Bureaucracy, tax collection, RR, education, hired Europeans to train modern military, etc. • Sent young men to study Western ways • Better health care = population growth = unrest • Some resented the Western ways; some sultans rejected Western ways

  4. Problems in the Ottoman Empire • Young Turks Demand Reform • Reform is the only way to save the empire; overthrew the sultan; stopped from taking power- WWI • Armenian Genocide • Sparked by nationalism • Genocide- a deliberate attempt to destroy a racial, political, or cultural group • Muslim Turks accused Christian Armenians of supporting Russia who was against the Ottoman Empire • 25 years- 600,000-1.5 millions Armenians were killed

  5. Egypt Seeks to Modernize • Muhammad Ali Introduces Reforms • “Father of Modern Egypt” • Improved tax collection, reorganized landowning system, and irrigation projects (cotton farming) • Western military experts to Egypt • Building the Suez Canal • Organized by Frenchman • Lost all control of the canal • Becoming a British Protectorate • Governor of Egypt stayed in power but followed policies dictated by Britain • Continued to modernize, but discontent simmered

  6. Persia and the European Powers • Qajar shahs ruled Persia with absolute power, but still introduced some reforms • Telegraph lines, RR, constitution, etc. • Russia and Britain wanted to imperialize- spheres of influence • Discovered oil; persuaded Persian government to grant them concessions- sent troops • Persian nationalists were upset, some wanted Western ways, others disliked both the Persian government and the Western ways

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