LANGUAGES OF SCOTLAND

1. LANGUAGES OF SCOTLAND Prepared by Oppo H., gr.533

2. Scots or Lowland Scots Germanic language varieties traditionally spoken in lowland Scotland and parts of Ulster Scottish Gaelic Celtic language varieties traditionally spoken in the Highlands and Islands. Scots language

3. Scots Language Map

5. History • 5th century ADis descended from the language of the Angles in northern Britain, in an area now known as Northumbria and southern Scotland • 14th century Scots was the main language of Scotland and was used in literature, education, government and in legal documents. • After the union of the Scottish and English parliaments in 1707, English became the language of government and of polite society in Scotland, though the vast majority of people continued to speak Scots. English also began to replace Scots as the main written language in Scotland.

6. Total speakers over 1.5 million Language family -Indo-European -Germanic -West Germanic -Anglo-Frisian -Scots Classified as a "traditional language" by the Scottish Government. Classified as a "regional or minority language" under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, ratified by the United Kingdom in 2001.

8. Proverbs, quotations and sayings about language • Am fear a chailleas a chanain caillidh e a shaoghal. He who loses his language loses his world. • Sluagh gun chanain, sluagh gun anam A people without a language is a people without a soul • Chan fhiach cuirm gun a còmhradh. A feast is no use without good talk.

10. History • originally the language of the Scoti settlers from Ireland to Scotland, became the language of the majority of Scotland • was spoken throughout Scotland (apart from small areas in the extreme south-east and north-east) between the 9th and 11th centuries • The earliest identifiably texts in Scottish Gaelic are notes in the Book of Deer written in north eastern Scotland in the 12th century

12. Scottish English • Scottish English refers to the varieties of English spoken in Scotland. • called Scottish Standard English or Standard Scottish English. • Scottish English may be influenced to varying degrees by Scots. • Many Scots speakers separate Scots and Scottish English as different registers depending on social circumstances. • Generally there is a shift to Scottish English in formal situations or with individuals of a higher social status.

13. Scotticisms - are idioms or expressions that are characteristic of Scots. • Outwith - "outside of“ • It's your shot - "It's your turn“ • How not? - "Why not?“ • Och aye the nou - "Oh yes, just now"

14. 'S i Mòrag, 's i Mòrag, 'S i Mòrag, 's i Mòrag, 'S i Mòrag a rinn a' bhanais, Mòrag, 's i Mòrag, A rinn a' bhanais ainmeil Bha i dubh an-uiridh, Agus tha i dubh am bliadhna, 'S bha i dubh a h-uile latha, Chunnaic mise riamh i 'S i Mòrag, 's i Mòrag, 'S i Mòrag a rinn a' bhanais, Mòrag, 's i Mòrag, A rinn a' bhanais ainmeil Bha fear an taigh aig bean an taigh, 'S an sgalag aig an t-searbhant', Bha ‘m buachaill' aig a' bhanaraich, 'S mo sheanair aig mo sheanmhair 'S i Mòrag, 's i Mòrag, 'S i Mòrag a rinn a' bhanais, Mòrag, 's i Mòrag, A rinn a' bhanais ainmeil Bha Seònaid is fidheall aic', Raonaid is pìob aic', Mòr nan Dos is feadan aic', 'S sheinneadh iad an ruidhle 'S i Mòrag, 's i Mòrag, 'S i Mòrag a rinn a' bhanais, Mòrag, 's i Mòrag, A rinn a' bhanais ainmeil

15. Useful links: • http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/alba/foghlam/beag_air_bheag/ • http://www.bbc.co.uk/colinandcumberland/ • http://www.scottishcorpus.ac.uk/cmsw/burns/