ECML LEA: Presentation of ‘ T he Language Teacher Training K it ’

ECMLLEA:Presentation of ‘The Language Teacher Training Kit’ Presentation of the kit contents and presentation of the activities Anna Murkowska Warsaw University

LEA project aims and objectivesThe Kit:The materials and the activities promoting the new model of language education • The new model of language educationpromotes the development of plurilingual and pluricultural competence, which refers to the ability to use language for communication and to take part in intercultural interaction. • Different fromthe old model of language educationa learner is expected to use and develop a proficiency (of varying degrees) in several languages and the experience of several cultures. (Common European Framework for Languages, Council of Europe, 2001,68). • The materials and activities in ‘The Language Teacher Training Kit’, which aim at training and awareness-raising, are prepared forlanguage teachers & traineeswho traditionally have been focusing on the didactic procedures for teaching particular languages. The kit aims at enriching language teacher education by developing the competences needed to promote linguistic and cultural diversity.

The KIT : List of Contents • Rationale • Kit Orientations(Anna Murkowska, Poland) • The Activity:Linguistic and Professional Biography(Ana Isabel Andrade, Portugal) • Activities:Motivation, Attitudes and Beliefs (Mercè Bernaus, Spain) • Activities:Let’s Meet Diversity(Martine Kervran, France) • Activities: Incorporating Plurilingual and Pluri/Intercultural Awareness into English/Foreign Language Teacher Education Curricula (Anna Murkowska and Elżbieta Gajek, Poland) • Activities:Culture Awareness and the Development of the Pluricultural Competence (FernandoTrujillo Sáez, Spain) • Activities:Awareness of Portuguese (Ana Isabel Andrade, Portugal) • Activities:Old and New Models of Language Education (Mercè Bernaus, Spain) • Examples of the JaLing Project(Martine Kervran, France) • Bibliography

New linguistic policy (Council of Europe, Strasbourg, 2003) affirming the multilingual character of all the national entities characterised by linguistic and cultural diversity redefines the role of language educators. In the light of these new orientations in language education the LEA project develops ‘a kit for language teacher educators’, taking advantage of the experience gathered during the JaLing project. The kit containsa set of teaching materials with the aim to promote awareness of plurilingualism and pluriculturalism among the participants. Further, it provides them with the instruments to introduce it among language teachers/trainees and their learners. The kit includes: a) Rationale. b) Procedures for motivating language teachers and trainees to work with language and culture diversity. c) Activities and materials designed to train language teachers and trainees in language and culture awareness. d) Sample activities and materials, which language teachers and trainees can use in their language classes, especially materials aimed at incorporating a plurilingual and pluricultural dimension into the learning of some particular languages. The KIT: Rationale

Kit Orientations (Anna Murkowska, Warsaw University, Poland) • This section of the KIT presents the TEMPLATE for the materials prepared for language teachers and traineesas well as guidelines and suggestions of content issues for building new activities. • All the new materials which will be prepared by the paricipants of the LEA workshop will have to be related to the aims of the KIT. The Rationale defines the new model of language education viewed from two different Perspectives/Orientations: Individual and Social on the one hand and Professional on the other.

This activity focuses on self-reflection on one’s own abilities, knowledge, educational experience (linguistic and didactic) and attitudes as a language educator. It also reflects on the central concepts of language education. The activity: The participants work individually, then in pairs and finally group themselves into types according to how they decided on their piorities in defining of a language educator the many characteristics.The groups then present themselves. Developing instruments in order to design linguistic and professional biographies of the groups. The activity: Linguistic and Professional Biography(Ana Isabel Andrade, Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal)

The activities make language teachers and trainees observe as to what extent they themselves can influence learners’ attitudes towards languages and cultures, arouse their curiosity about languages and strengthen the motivation to learn them. They are designed to make language teachers and trainees reflect on their new roles and on the significantly modified aims of language education. The activities deal with the following topics: Discussing in pairs and as a whole group the concepts of Motivation and Attitudes. Sharing experiences with the partner and building up group conclusions as to what extent teachers can have an influence on students’ motivation and attitudes. Discussing the issues which may motivate and get class participants engaged in their learning process and to what extent they should be taken into account when planning a plurilingual/pluricultural curriculum. Activities:Motivation, Attitudes and Beliefs(Mercè Bernaus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain)

The activities included in this section aim to make language educators view linguistic and cultural diversity as a positive feature of groups and societies. It further develops awareness of the new aims of language education, which has to be modified, and should promote plurilingualism and pluriculturalism in language learning. They can serve as an example on how to develop and evaluate educational projects aiming to achieve plurilingual and pluricultural competence. In particular: The activities are based on recordings (and written transcriptions) of short dialogues on the sametopic in differentlanguages including rare, ‘exotic’ or unknown languages. They attempt to analyse language teacher educators’ individual reactions when they first listened to the dialogues and the strategies they used to understand the topic and the languages of the dialogues. They make the groups of language educators (composed of the teachers teaching about the same age group) reflect on whether it is possible to work with so many ‘exotic’ languages in a class and how to use those recordings in their own teaching context. Activities:Let’s Meet Linguistic Diversity (Martine Kervran, Institut Universitaire de Formation Maîtres d’Orléans-Tours, France)

Bothactivities: Types of writing systems and Families of languages (for linguistics classes)aim at enriching students’ knowledge about languages in general. They arebased on the fragments of an old Polish legend translated into 6 languages. The activity: Clause negation in English and in other languages (for English grammar and/or language classes) focuses on the development of students’ plurilingual syntactic competence. It is based on a sample of English negative clauses and a collection of the negative clauses from the text of an old Polish legend translated into 6 languages. . The other two activities serve the purpose of ‘Developing students’ plurilingual lexical competence’ and to show how one may try to comprehend the meaning in many languages without studying them. The activities are based on a text from the Internet and a certain number of selected words accompanied by their approximate translations in other languages using one of the electronic multilingual dictionaries. The activities are prepared for English language or methodology classes, but depending on the topic of a selected text, they can be used in any other classes within the language teacher education curricula. Activities: Incorporating Plurilingual and Pluri/Intercultural Awareness into English/Foreign Language TeacherEducation Curricula Anna Murkowska and Elżbieta Gajek, Warsaw University, Poland)

The the centre of attention here is linguistic and cultural diversity in a broader context and that of the individuals. They highlight the values of language and culture in the development of each individual, groups and societies. They raise awareness of the new aims of language education and aim for the development of a plurilingual and pluricultural competence. The activities explore the following topics: The definition of culture. ‘Culture as an object’, ‘Culture as an enclosure’ and ‘Culture as the pluricultural identity of individuals’. The ‘transmission’ of culture. Can culture be transmitted? Identity and stereotypes. Who are individual people? What are their personal and social features? Examination of identity. Going through the multiple identifications which make up an individual’s identity. Developing pluricultural competence. Developing both the ‘General competences’ and ‘Communicative language competences’ of language learners. Awareness of culture and ‘rich socialization’ through contact with diversity as means of helping learners to become pluricultural through language learning. Activities: CultureAwareness and the Development of Pluricultural Competence (FernandoTrujillo Sáez, Universidad de Granada, Ceuta, Spain)

The activities develop awareness-raising and the need for introducing a new model of language education, promoting plurilingualism and pluriculturalism. They focus on observing, analysing and exploring linguistic and cultural diversity in language education and exemplify the ways of how the motivation to learn languages can be increased and linguistic and cultural competence developed. Activities: Building awareness of an unknown language An attempt to understand a poem in Potuguese (particular words, particular sentences etc.). Trying one’s best to understand the general idea of a poem using knowledge of other languages (e.g.Latin). Identifying verbs and their endings; forming one’s own sentences in Portuguese on the basis of the text and using the grammatical information included in the annexes. Reflecting on what could have been learnt about Portuguese based on these activities and to what extent one’s experience in teaching linguistic and cultural diversity has been broadened . Activities:Awareness of Portuguese(AnaIsabel Andrade, Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal)

The activities focus on raising language educators’ awareness and the need to give plurilingualism and pluriculturalism due consideration. There is argument for a new model of language education. This is to make language educators, hovewer different their contexts are, learn to stand up for the new language education policy. In particular the activities deal with: Pairing a number of opposite statements to illustrate old and new models of language education. Discussing the advantages and disadvantages that both models may have in one’s own country. Discussing to what extent the following educational paradigms should be included in the curricula: Bilingual education, Plurilingual education, Pluricultural education, Intercultural education, Anti-racist education, Anti-sexist education. Activities: Old and New Models of Language Education (Mercè Bernaus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain)

Janua Linguarum– Gates to Languages : Project of the ECML (2000-2003) and Socrates Comenius (2001-2004) The activities presented are a short selection extracted from materials for the classroom prepared by the partners in the different participating countries. The materials were composed from a booklet of activities for the pupils and guidelines for the teachers. All materials were built around a topic of interest and designed so that the experiences and knowledge of the children about languages can be used and be seen to be of value. The approach is based on asking children to gradually ‘solve’ problems related to languages through oral and written activities consisting of observing, analyzing and comparing words and sentences in different languages, encouraging reflection and cooperation among children. Extract 1: UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW,Polish Project Group from University College of English Language Teacher Education. From ANIMALS SPEAK: Topic: Onomatopoeia for animal noises, adapted from ‘Les animaux prennent la parole’, Evlang, Paris V France, 2002, Level:Class 2nd or 3rd. Extract 2 : UNIVERSITY OF LJUBLJANA, Faculty of Education, Slovene Project Group. From CARNIVAL CELEBRATIONS. Topic:Raising awareness of the use of the article in English & in German, 2001-2004, Level:Class 4th or 5th. Extract 3 : UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO, Department of Didactics and Educational Technology. From THE HARE ANDTHE TORTOISE, Coordinators: Ana Isabel Andrade, Filomena Martins and Isabel Bartolomeu, 2004,Level: Primary school. Extract 4 : UNIVERSITÉ DU MAINEET INSTITUTDEFORMATIONDESMAÎTRESD’ORLÉANS-TOURS, French project group. From : présentations autour du monde (enregistrement vidéo), coordinator : Michel Candelier , age group : 5-7 Examples of the Ja-Ling project (Martine Kervran, Institut Universitaire de Formation des Maîtres d’Orléans-Tours, France)

Bibliography • Candelier, M. & Paparamborde, S.(2001) . Evlang – L’éveil aux langues à l’école primaire. Paris: Centre Audio-Visuel de l’Université R. Descartes. [Film vidéo, 23 mn] –à commander sur le site de Ja-Ling. (http://jaling.ecml.at/) • Candelier, M. (Dir.) (2003). Janua Linguarum – La Porte des Langues – L’introduction de l’éveil aux langues dans le curriculum. Strasbourg : Centre Européen pour les Langues Vivantes/Conseil de l’Europe. • Council of Europe. (2001). Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, teaching, assessment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. • Guilherme, M. (2002). Critical Citizens for an Intercultural World. Foreign Language Education as Cultural Politics. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. • Hawkins, E.(1984). Awareness of Language. An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. • Huber-Kriegler, Lázár, I., Stange, J. (2003). Mirrors and windows. An intercultural communication textbook. Strasbourg : Centre Européen pour les Langues Vivantes / Conseil de l’Europe. • Nieto, S. (2002). Language, Culture and Teaching. Critical Perspectives for a New Century. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. • Phipps, A. & Guilherme, M.(2004). Critical Pedagogy. Political Approaches to Language and Intercultural Communication. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. • PNUD (Programa das Nações unidas para o Desenvolvimento), (2004). Relatório do Desenvolvimento Humano. Liberdade Cultural num Mundo Diversificado, Lisboa, Mensagem (trad) (www.undp.org). Disponible en anglais, français et d’autres langues. • Zarate, G., Gohard-Radenkovic, Lussier, D. Penz, H. (2003). Médiation culturelle et didactique des langues. Strasbourg : Centre Européen pour les Langues Vivantes / Conseil de l’Europe.

ECML LEA: Presentation of ‘ T he Language Teacher Training K it ’