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Chapter 15: Toward Civil War Section 2: A Nation Dividing

Chapter 15: Toward Civil War Section 2: A Nation Dividing . Essential Question : How did Popular Sovereignty lead to violence in Kansas?. Key Battles, Events, People, Places, and Terms : The Fugitive Slave Act Underground Railroad Convict Election of 1852 Franklin Pierce

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Chapter 15: Toward Civil War Section 2: A Nation Dividing

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  1. Chapter 15: Toward Civil War Section 2: A Nation Dividing Essential Question: How did Popular Sovereignty lead to violence in Kansas? • Key Battles, Events, People, Places, and Terms : • The Fugitive Slave Act • Underground Railroad • Convict • Election of 1852 • Franklin Pierce • Stephan A. Douglass • Missouri Compromise • Popular Sovereignty • Kansas- Nebraska Act • Border Ruffians • John Brown • Bleeding Kansas

  2. The Fugitive Slave Act • Part of the Compromise of 1850 • Required all citizens to catch runaway enslaved people • Anyone who aided a fugitive enslaved person could be fined or imprisoned • Southerners thought it would force Northerners to recognize the rights of Southerners • Northerners just became more aware of the evils of slavery

  3. The Fugitive Slave Act • Slaveholders stepped up their efforts to catch runaway enslaved people • Tried to capture runaways who lived in freedom in the North • Sometimes just captured African Americans and forced them into slavery • Northerners refused to cooperate with the law • Opposed it on moral grounds • Participated in the Underground Railroad • Contributed to funds to buy freedom of African Americans • Northern Juries refused to convict those accused of violating the law

  4. The Kansas- Nebraska Act • Election of 1852 • Franklin Pierce elected President • Democrat from New Hampshire • Intended to enforce the Fugitive Slave Act • 1854: Stephan A. Douglass proposed organizing region west of Missouri and Iowa as the territories of Kansas and Nebraska • The location of both seemed likely to make them free States • Both north of the 36° 30’ north latitude line • Set as limit of slavery in the Missouri Compromise

  5. The Kansas- Nebraska Act • Stephan A. Douglass knew the Southerners would object • It gave free States more votes in the Senate • Proposed to abandoned the Missouri Compromise • Allow the settlers in each territory vote whether to allow slavery • Popular Sovereignty • Allow the people to decide

  6. The Kansas- Nebraska Act • Northerners protested • Thought the repeal of the Missouri Compromise would open up slavery to areas declared free for 30 years • Southerners supported • Thought Kansas would be settled by mostly slave holders from Missouri • They would vote for slavery • 1854: Congress passed the Kansas- Nebraska Act

  7. Conflict in Kansas • Pro and antislavery groups rushed to Kansas • Elections led to a proslavery legislature • Only 1,500 people lived in Kansas • 6,000 votes were cast • Thousands of proslavery supporters from Missouri crossed the border to vote • Border Ruffians • Traveled in armed groups • Passed laws supporting slavery • Restricted political office to proslavery candidates

  8. Conflict in Kansas • Antislavery people refused to accept the laws • Armed themselves • Held own elections • Adopted a Constitution that banned slavery • January 1856 • Two rival governments in Kansas • One for slavery • One against slavery

  9. Bleeding Kansas • May 1856: 800 slavery supporters attacked an antislavery stronghold • Burned the Free State Hotel • Destroyed two newspaper offices and many homes • John Brown • Abolitionist that believed God chose him to end slavery • Led a group of supporters and killed slavery supporters • Bleeding Kansas • Civil War in Kansas • Conflict between citizens of the same country • Violence broke out in the Senate as well

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