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Electromagnetic Force

Gravitational Force. General Relativity. THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS: core of matter, fuel of stars. galaxy 10 21 m. The Physics of Nuclei involves many diverse phenomena at vastly different scales, from elementary entities to stellar objects. Atomic nucleus: Z protons, N neutrons

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Electromagnetic Force

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  1. Gravitational Force General Relativity THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS:core of matter, fuel of stars galaxy 1021 m The Physics of Nuclei involves many diverse phenomena at vastly different scales, from elementary entities to stellar objects Atomic nucleus: Z protons, N neutrons Complex many-body system where three interactions (strong, weak and Coulomb forces) come into play Very dense matter: 99.9% of atomic mass (a tablespoon of nuclear matter would weigh as much as 3000 aircraft carriers) matter 10-1 m DNA 10-8 m Electromagnetic Force QED crystal 10-9 m atom 10-10 m The hierarchy of decreasing dimensions: from galaxies to quarks, through the Earth, molecules, atoms and nuclei Weak Force Standard Model atomic nucleus 10-14 m nucleon 10-15 m <10-18 m electron Strong Force QCD quark quark-gluon plasma

  2. We have a successful description of the nuclei we know but … our understanding of the effective interaction in nuclei is limited and possibly flawed e.g. little known about the dependence with asymmetry (N−Z)∕(N+Z) THE ORIGIN OF NUCLEI:we are all made of stardust On Earth today: only stable nuclei  very small fraction of all possible (Z,N) !! 15 billion years 1 billion years Heavier elements: created in nuclear reactions in stars and in stellar explosions, going on ... 300.000 years time 3 minutes 1 thousandth of a second After the Big Bang: quarks & gluons  then hadrons  then H & He [Li,Be]

  3. THE ADVENT OF RADIOACTIVE ION BEAMS (RIB): ‘gene pool’ of nuclei on Earth brings a new era New phenomena observed  physics of weakly bound quantum systems Theorists served with an unprecedented wealth of data that challenges the best of nuclear models! Progress in accelerator and detector technology makes a bold leap forward possible: production ofexotic nucleiwith very different N, Z numbers from the known isotopesachieved with RIB facilities  experiments start unveiling the properties of short lived, weakly bound nuclei far from stability  extend our knowledge of nuclear structure Major next generation facilities planned or underway in Europe (GSI, EURISOL), the USA (RIA), Japan (RIKEN), ...

  4. THE ADVENT OF RADIOACTIVE ION BEAMS (RIB): ‘gene pool’ of nuclei on Earth brings a new era New phenomena observed  physics of weakly bound quantum systems Theorists served with an unprecedented wealth of data that challenges the best of nuclear models! ●Goals for Nuclear Structure Theory: • Identify/investigate many-body methods that will extend to exotic nuclei • Generate improved effective interactions • Make reliable predictions • Guide experimental efforts • Pursue interdisciplinary overlaps (e.g., with astrophysics)

  5. THE SCIENCE CASE OF EXOTIC NUCLEI: at the shores of the nuclear landscape terra incognita less than 300 stable known nuclei

  6. THE SCIENCE CASE OF EXOTIC NUCLEI: at the shores of the nuclear landscape neutron stars

  7. Stable nuclei: Physics at the neutron drip line: unconventional is normal protonsneutrons Unstable nuclei:

  8. NUCLEAR EQUATION OF STATE: from terrestrial matter to compact stars

  9. SCENES FROM THE SKIES: Watch an artist’s vision of a city-sized neutron star as it ploughs through the skies centered in a disk of hot plasma drawn from its enfeebled red companion star: … ravenously accreting material from the disk, the neutron star spins faster and faster emitting powerful particle beams and X-ray pulses as it rotates 400 times a second ... Neutron star movie

  10. Effective Field Theories FROM QCD TO HEAVY NUCLEI: theory advances building bridges

  11. REMARKS: • Studies in the past mostly restricted to stable nuclei with N∕Z= 1 - 1.5 • One of the main thrusts in nuclear physics today: synthesize and study the most exotic nuclear species at the very boundaries of stability • Field is vital and intensely active, in rapid advance worldwide • This is Physics in Action: newest experiments reveal need for an improved many-body theory of the nucleus, which in turn can guide the experimental efforts • Interdisciplinaryscience. Important for astrophysics and the events that shape the fate of the Cosmos in the core of stars

  12. REMARKS: …ultimately ‘Bringing Heavens Down to Earth’ ! • Studies in the past mostly restricted to stable nuclei with N∕Z= 1 - 1.5 • One of the main thrusts in nuclear physics today: synthesize and study the most exotic nuclear species at the very boundaries of stability • Field is vital and intensely active, in rapid advance worldwide • This is Physics in Action: newest experiments reveal need for an improved many-body theory of the nucleus, which in turn can guide the experimental efforts • Interdisciplinaryscience. Important for astrophysics and the events that shape the fate of the Cosmos in the core of stars

  13. http://www.gsi.de/GSI-Future/cdrhttp://www.gsi.de/zukunftsprojekt/index_e.htmlThe GSI upgrade project http://www.orau.org/ria/The RIA (Rare Isotope Accelerator) project Further information: Credits: this presentation uses pictures and figures taken from the GSI and RIA links as well as from other websiteswhich provide information related to the fields of exotic nuclei and astrophysics.

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