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Delving into Food Naming: Origins, Meanings, and Folklore

Discover the fascinating origins and cultural connections of food names across nations, from hot dogs to bubble and squeak. Explore the history and evolution of naming food creations with a glimpse at iconic dishes and recipes.

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Delving into Food Naming: Origins, Meanings, and Folklore

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  1. Understanding Names: Origins, Meanings and Folklore Week 8 From Marmalade to Beef Wellington: Naming Food - Part 2 David Clandfield Lifelong Learning Burnhamthorpe Community Centre 1500 Gulleden Drive Mississauga November 27, 2018

  2. Cheeses

  3. Cornish Yarg Bishop Kennedy (Scottish) Monterey Jack

  4. Names of Food and Recipes • Apples and company • Commemorating the rich and famous mainly • Naming fast foods • National identities and stereotypes • Naming to disguise • Diversity and fusion • Short and sweet

  5. 1487: Frankfurt 1860s: The Bowery 1871: Coney Island 1893: Chicago World’s Fair Frankfurt(er) – 1877/1894 dachshund sausage – 1882 Hot dog: OED – 1884/1892

  6. Hamburg(er) (steak) – 1889 Salisbury steak – 1897 cheeseburger: 1938 burger: 1939 beefburger: 1940 vegeburger: 1945 veggieburger: 1978 What is this?

  7. long (Italian) sandwiches submarine(OED: 1949; f.e. 1901 - 1927) hero (NYC: OED 1938) spuckie (Boston < spucadella?)(established by 1950) garibaldi (Wisconsin – very local) torpedo/zeppelin (Pennsylvania) blimpie (Hoboken, NJ) wedge (Yonkers, NYC, and points north)

  8. grinder Webster’s International Dictionary of the English Language 1954

  9. hoagie: c1950 (St. Joseph, Michigan) Folk etymology Hog Island, Philadelphia Delaware River

  10. poutine OED attrib. FernandLachance “Le Lutin qui Rit” Warwick, Quebec 1957 Also: “Le Roy Jucep” Drummondville, Quebec, 1964

  11. hush puppies OED – 1918 (Southern dialect); 1942 (US mainstream) 1899 (Wikipedia) -- folk etymologies (hunters; Civil War)

  12. Bubble and squeak OED 1767 (leftover meat and cabbage) OED 1951(meat usually omitted for potatoes)

  13. Names of Food and Recipes • Apples and company • Commemorating the rich and famous mainly • Naming fast foods • National identities and stereotypes • Naming to disguise • Diversity and fusion • Short and sweet

  14. French … French toast OED: 1660 with eggs OED: 1882 French fried potatoes OED: 1856 French frieds OED: 1918 French fries OED: 1902 pain perdu

  15. French … Dressing (UK) OED 1616/1874 Beans OED: 1552 Dressing (N.Am.) 1879

  16. The many faces of Welsh rabbit

  17. Welsh rabbit vs Welsh rarebit OED: 1721 memoirs Welsh rabbit; 1747 Hannah Glasse OED: 1781 Welsh rarebit; 1785 Dictionary gives both Note: The simplex rarebit not known in other contexts Welsh love of toasted cheese (Andrew Boorde 1542) • Hannah Glasse’scookbook lists: • Scotch rabbit: simple toasted cheese on toast • Welsh rabbit: same as (a) with optional mustard • English rabbit: (a) with toast soaked in red wine • English rabbit: (c) with white wine too

  18. Scotch… Broth: OED 1735 Collops: OED 1664 Pie : OED 1664 Tallisker - 1830

  19. Nargisikofta (16c?) Scotch egg: OED 1808 Scotch woodcock: OED 1836 Billingsgate pheasant (1890)

  20. What are these? And this? Albany beef (1791) Cape Cod turkey (mid-19c) Prairie strawberries Alaska turkey (1948) Mexican strawberries Arizona strawberries Arkansas strawberries

  21. Names of Food and Recipes • Apples and company • Commemorating the rich and famous mainly • Naming fast foods • National identities and stereotypes • Naming to disguise • Diversity and fusion • Short and sweet

  22. Cuisses de nymphesàl’aurore Auguste Escoffier 1908 Carlton hôtel

  23. Escargots 14c French cookbooks OED: 1892

  24. Angels on horseback OED: Mrs. B 1888 Devils on horseback OED: 1909 Toad in the hole OED: 1787

  25. Mock turtle (obsolete) OED: 1767 Mock turtle soup OED: 1783

  26. Mock duck Tofu duck Wheat gluten plus condiments. Tofu: OED 1880

  27. Bombay duck OED: 1850 (others,1815) Bummalo(in Toronto: bumla) OED: 1698

  28. Ants climbing a tree

  29. Names of Food and Recipes • Apples and company • Commemorating the rich and famous mainly • Naming fast foods • National identities and stereotypes • Naming to disguise • Diversity and fusion • Short and sweet

  30. General Tso’s chicken General Zuo’s chicken 1972 -1973

  31. Chinese-American Chow Mein Chop suey San Francisco – late 19th century?? (miners, politician, railroaders. etc.) Probably c1903 chaomian = fried noodles Toisanese traditional recipe Cantonese: tsapseui(scraps)

  32. Kedgeree OED 1662 Hindi “khich(a)ri” Mulligatawny OED 1784 Tamil “miḷaku-taṇṇīr” Black pepper + water

  33. South African food Bobotie/Bobootie Walkie-Talkies Cape Malay OED - 1870 Afrikaans < Malay Traditional African Townships

  34. Names of Food and Recipes • Apples and company • Commemorating the rich and famous mainly • Naming fast foods • National identities and stereotypes • Naming to disguise • Diversity and fusion • Short and sweet

  35. shortbread (OED 1801) short = easily crumbled (OED 1430) made by adding fat (U.S. “short[e]ning” - OED 1796)

  36. sweetbread (OED 1565)

  37. sweetmeats (OED 1500)

  38. Petits Fours French 1803 or earlier (OED) English 1875 (OED)

  39. Madeleines Middle Ages; 1661; 1755; c1800

  40. Marcel Proust (1871 – 1922) À la recherche du temps perdu 1913-1927

  41. For Further Reference Steven Gilbar: Chicken à la King and the Buffalo Wing. Food Names and the People and Places that Inspired Them Cincinnati: Writers Digest, 2008. Barbara Ann Kipfer: The Culinarian. A Kitchen Desk Reference Hoboken NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2011. Robert Hendrickson: Talking Turkey. A Food Lover’s Guide to the Origins of Culinary Words and Phrases. New York: Skyhorse Publishing, 2014. Lenny Karpman: Foods that Confuse and Amuse. 1200 Eclectic Names Demystified. Bradenton Florida: Booklocker.com, Inc., 2015 William Sayers: Historical Notes on Culinary Terms. London UK: Prospect Books, 2015

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