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ARGUMENTATION

ARGUMENTATION. Supporting a claim. What is an argument?. It focuses on a narrowed issue Argument states a specific claim Argument depends on careful audience analysis Arguments presents reasons supported by convincing evidence Argument avoids errors in reasoning

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ARGUMENTATION

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  1. ARGUMENTATION Supporting a claim

  2. What is an argument? • It focuses on a narrowed issue • Argument states a specific claim • Argument depends on careful audience analysis • Arguments presents reasons supported by convincing evidence • Argument avoids errors in reasoning • Argument appeals to readers’ needs and values • Argument appeals to readers’ needs and values • Argument recognizes opposing views

  3. An argument focuses on a narrowed issue • Issue = controversy (problem or idea that causes disagreement) • Must be an issue that people have differing opinions about. • You may have to provide background information. • Your issue should be narrow enough to address in an essay length argument.

  4. An argument states a specific claim • You must make your position clear on the issues. • You may make a call for action.

  5. Argument depends on careful audience analysis • Agreeing audience • Neutral or wavering audience • Disagreeing audience

  6. Arguments presents reasons supported by convincing evidence • and • Argument avoids errors in reasoning • Circular reasoning • Hasty generalization • Sweeping generalization • False analogy • Non sequitur • Red herring • Post hoc fallacy • Either-or fallacy

  7. Argument appeals to readers’ needs and values • and • Argument recognizes opposing views • Emotional appeals – directed to readers’ needs and values • Needs – biological or psychological • Values – principles or qualities worthwhile or desirable • Acknowledge and REFUTE opposing views

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