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Do Now: Genetics True/False Quiz

Do Now: Genetics True/False Quiz. Human contains 23 pairs of chromosomes 2 bases in DNA code for one amino acid Sex chromosomes for female are XY Phenotype is the physical characteristic of a gene Meiosis generates somatic cells Sperm is a gametic cell

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Do Now: Genetics True/False Quiz

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  1. Do Now: Genetics True/False Quiz • Human contains 23 pairs of chromosomes • 2 bases in DNA code for one amino acid • Sex chromosomes for female are XY • Phenotype is the physical characteristic of a gene • Meiosis generates somatic cells • Sperm is a gametic cell • Genes are sequences of DNA that code for proteins • DNA is found in cytoplasm • Variation makes us different from each other • Sex chromosomes for male are XY

  2. ___________: A reproductive cell Example: Sperm, Egg _________: Any change in the base sequence of a gene, which may cause a different protein to be produced. Cell replication Genetics Topic Test Somatic cell: ___________________________________________________ _______: sexual reproduction that results in four different cells (gametes) with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell (23 chromosomes – haploid) . _______: asexual reproduction that results in two identical cells with the same number of chromosome (23 pairs of chromosome – diploid). DNA: __________________________ DNA is made up of ___________ (one base, one sugar and one phosphate) Found in: __________________________ Structure: __________________________ _________: Individual that possesses characteristics different from the others of the same kind. ____________ _____________________ _______________________ Genes: __________________________________________________ Population genetics and Species Survival How sex is determined: ___________________________________ __ chromosomes = Male __ chromosomes = Female Proteins: _ bases in DNA codes for one amino acid.Chain of Amino acids make up a protein Example: Chromosomes: Made up of: ______________________________ Human has: __ or __ pairs chromosome (_______ – 2 sets of chromosome). Natural selection: ________________________________________ Allele (________): Alternative form of a gene that is located at a specific position on a specific chromosome. Every gene there are ___ alleles, one from each parent. _________: Physical characteristic that is coded by the genotype. ________ Allele (Capital letter): Physical characteristic will always be expressed. ________ Allele (lowercase letter): Physical characteristic will be expressed only when two recessive alleles of the same gene are present. Example: Homozygous Dominant: Heterozygous: Homozygous Recessive: _______________: Family tree but with the passage of a single genetic trait (phenotype) over several generations. _______________: A method of following alleles as they pass from one generation to the next and predicting what phenotype offspring may carry. Test cross

  3. NCEA Question 1 • Question 1: Genetic structure • The diagram below shows the relationship between chromosomes, genes, and DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). • Explain the relationship between DNA, chromosomes and genes. • You may add notes and labels to the diagram above to support your answers • Explain how the relationships in your answers to a) lead to different characteristics and how this contributes to genetic variation.

  4. NCEA Question 2 • Question 2: Patterns of Inheritance • A blood disorder caused by red blood cells with an unusual curved (sickle) shape is inherited through a single gene with two possible alleles, normal and sickle. • Use ‘H’ to represent the dominant allele, and ‘h’ to represent the recessive ‘sickle’ allele. • Explain how two parents with normal blood cells can have a child with sickle-shaped blood cells. • In your answer, you should: • State the genotype of a child with the sickle-shaped blood cells • State the genotypes of both normal parents • Draw a Punnett square to show how two normal parents can produce a child with sickle-shaped blood cells.

  5. NCEA Question 2 • The parents in part a) have four children all with sickle-shaped blood cells. They are expecting a fifth child. • Explain how normal parents could have produced FOUR children with sickle-shaped blood cells. You should refer to your Punnett square in a). • Explain what the chances are of the fifth child having sickle-shaped blood cells.

  6. Answers http://www.nzqa.govt.nz/ncea/assessment/search.do?query=Science&view=exams&level=01 90948 - Demonstrate understanding of biological ideas relating to genetic variation Exemplar answer script 2012 – Excellence Exemplar answer script 2012 - Merit Exemplar answer script 2012 - Achievement

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