Case Studies in the Hospitality Industry Weissinger │ Knapp

1. Case Studies in the Hospitality IndustryWeissinger│ Knapp Chapter 1 LODGINGS: YESERDAY AND TODAY Presented by: Name Title Computer Systems Institute

2. Outline • Ancient History Classic Greek and Roman days Bible References • Middle Ages • Colonial Period • Nineteenth Century Spas and Resorts Luxury Hotels • The Twentieth Century Other Noteworthy Innkeepers Tourist Courts The Great Depression and World War II Advent of Air Travel • The Industry Today Alternative Lodgings Government Influence Growth of Industry Trends Chapter 1 Lodgings: Yesterday and Today

3. Learning Objectives • Discuss the history of the lodging industry from ancient to modern times. • Describe the post roads and taverns where George Washington slept in his travels along the eastern coast of the United States. • Cite the names of several famous people who influenced the hotel industry. • Discuss how the introduction of railroads, automobiles, and air travel affected the lodging industry. • Describe governmental influence on the lodging industry in the United States and other countries. • Understand the future trends of the industry. Chapter 1 Lodgings: Yesterday and Today

4. Ancient History • Classic Greek and Roman Days • In ancient Rome the inns were large mansions • Owners would not allow guests to stay unless they carried a letter of eviction (permission to travel from government officials) • Romans (legionnaires and civil officials) built monuments to their civilization throughout Europe in their exploration and expeditions • Taverns were called “tabernas” • The attached inn was called a “cauponas” • Caravansaries – Near East accommodations that surrounded large courtyards • Bible References • Most famous inn is in Bethlehem • Jacob and his brother traveled in Judea and set up areas within inns where travelers could bring their own supplies (similar to today’s Eastern khans) And she brought forth her first-born son… Chapter 1 Lodgings: Yesterday and Today

5. Middle Ages • Chauser speaks of the Tabard Inn (London), a fine hostelry of the 1300s, in his Canterbury Tales • The host of the Tabard Inn accompanied pilgrims on their journeys and listened to their stories • They ate at table d’hote(menu with prices) and settled their reckoning (hotel bill) • Hostelers Inn holders • Term was first used in 1473 • Originated from the old French word ostel • Meaning gradually shifted from “owner” to “inn servant” • Hotel industry grew during the Crusades Hostel (Inn) – Modern usage: accommodations of lesser quality Chapter 1 Lodgings: Yesterday and Today

6. Colonial Period • Public Coach Service • Public coach service was put into effect around 1650 • The coaches ran between major cities and stopped wherever passengers wanted • Coach inns were built along the routes primarily at points where teams of horses were changed • The British used the word ordinary to describe such inns • United States Postal Service • Established in 1710 • Primary routes were between major towns along the Atlantic Coast (post roads) • Entrepreneurial farmers converted their farm houses to inns along the post roads • Coach passengers slept in the hostel’s long room with their feet toward the fire Chapter 1 Lodgings: Yesterday and Today

7. Nineteenth Century • Influence of Railroads on Hotel industry • Introduction of railroads had a great influence on the hotel/motel industry • Depot hotels began to arise along the railroad tracks in the Western world during the early 1800s (connected directly to train station) • Spas and resorts • Spas – mineral springs or pools believed to be medicinal or healthful • Accessible by rail in the early days in The US and Western Europe • Resorts such as The French Riviera became the “place to go” • Niagara Falls; Greenbriar at White Sulfur Springs, West Virginia, the Homestead in Hot Springs, Virginia; and the Cloister at Sea Island, Georgia are legendary resorts that exist today • Tomas Cook was considered the first travel agent and arranged his first tour in 1841 • Luxury Hotels • The opening of the Tremont hotel in the nineteenth century was a benchmark for the hotel industry • Cesar Ritz opened a line of hotels in London, Paris, New York, and other cities Chapter 1 Lodgings: Yesterday and Today

8. Twentieth Century • Legendary Name in the Hotel Industry – E.M. Statler • Opened his first hotel in Buffalo, New York, in 1907 • Catered to business travelers • Other Noteworthy Innkeepers • Conrad Hilton – “King of the Innkeepers”, opened the Mobley, the first hotel in Texas, in 1919 • Howard Johnson • Willard Marriot • Kemmons Wilson – founder of Holiday Inn • Tourist Courts Groups of cabins for automobiles (early motor homes) where travelers could spend the night • The Great Depression and World War II • Many smaller motels went bankrupt during the Great Depression (early 1930s) • Thousands of people travelled through the United States during WWII • New hotels were built near all major military bases and industrial areas • Advent of Air Travel • Air travel was available to the masses after the war • Business travelers became the most important lodging guests • Resorts offered package plans in conjunction with airlines Chapter 1 Lodgings: Yesterday and Today

9. The Industry Today • Alternative Lodging • Campgrounds • Bed and Breakfast (B&B) • Renovated Harems now serve as hotels in the Middle East • “Treetops” – rooms in a huge tree are available in Africa • Ryokans – inexpensive lodgings in Japan • Boatels – accommodations on a boat (Queen Mary, Long Beach Cal.) • Government Influence Governments apply, enforce, and establish… • Sanitation and safety rules • Reimbursement rates for government employee travel • Growth of the Industry • 50% of the US economy this decade is devoted to service oriented business • Today there are more than 45,000 hotels, motels, motor lodges, and resorts in the US • International business boom, economic prosperity, and a desire for broadening cultural and social knowledge promise great growth in the tourism industry • Trends • Mega-mergers are spawning large hotel companies • Independently owned property is disappearing • Electronic communications are a necessity • Extended stay hotels Chapter 1 Lodgings: Yesterday and Today