Dr. Tomas Janeli ūnas

1. The beginning and principles of the Cold WarThe role of Central and Eastern Europe in the confrontation between the Soviet Union and the U.S. Dr. Tomas Janeliūnas

2. Epigraph • “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia; all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow.” Winston S. Churchill"Iron Curtain Speech", 5 March, 1946Westminster College, Fulton, Missouri

3. The international system and the Cold War (1) Author of the theory of international system and structural realism (neorealism) Kenneth N. Waltz: • Man, the State and War(1959 m.) • Theory of International Politics (1979 m.).

4. The international system and the Cold War (2) The main characteristics of the international system: • The principle by which the system is ordered • The differentiation and specification of the units (states) • The distribution of cpabilities (power) across units

5. The international system and the Cold War (3) • Anarchy, or the absence of central authority, is the ordering principle of the international system • States (units of the system) are autonomous and all they face same tasks or functions. (first two characteristics are stable) • The structure of a system changes with changes in the distribution of capabilities (power)across a system's units. That is called a poliarity of the system

6. Characteristics of the Cold War (1) • BIPOLAR INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM Leading to final clash and anihilation or the most stable form of balance of powers?

7. Characteristics of the Cold War (2) 2. THE NUCLEAR WEAPON • 19th century: peace is possible while war is probable • First World War: peace is impossible while war is probable • Cold War: peace is impossible while war is improbable H. J. Morgenthau “The Origins of the Cold War” 1970.

8. Trinity test

11. Characteristics of the Cold War (3) 3. IDEOLOGIC CONFRONTATION The Cold War – a struggle for people's mindsand hearts V. Pozner

12. Characteristics of the Cold War (4) 4. A STRUGLE FOR EUROPE

13. The role of Central and Eastern Europe:a security issue • Inabilities of great powers to solve the issue of security in Central and Eastern Europe • After the WWII the Soviet Union was ready to take the ‘responsibility’ for CEE security

14. Claims of the Soviet Union • All Russia’s neighbouring countries on the Western side should be loyal to Soviet Russia. This was meant as a precondition not to become a potential threat or link of aggression for Russia. • Russia has to have a right to move its army at any time through the countries of Eastern and Central Europe, if there will be any signs of possible German revanchism.

15. Stalin - Churchill deal: • Soviet predominance in Romania (90 %) • U.K. predominance in Greece (90 %) • 50/50 in Yugoslavia • Soviet predominance in Bulgaria • 50/50 in Hungary

16. Some conclusions Two main reasons about the Cold War that have risen from the balancing of new powers in Europe: 1. The security matters of Central and Eastern Europe in hands of Soviet Russia. 2. The German question