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Mesopotamia

Old Testament. Biblical Backgrounds. Mesopotamia. Maps by David P. Barrett, used by permission. Hittites. Assyria. Aram. Elam. Sumer. Egypt. Akkadian Period. 2330 B.C. Sargon the Great Guti invasion. 3rd Dynasty of Ur. 2100 B.C. Sumerians Abram. Migrations in 2000 B.C.

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Mesopotamia

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  1. Old Testament Biblical Backgrounds Mesopotamia Maps by David P. Barrett, used by permission

  2. Hittites Assyria Aram Elam Sumer Egypt

  3. Akkadian Period 2330 B.C. • Sargon the Great • Guti invasion

  4. 3rd Dynasty of Ur 2100 B.C. • Sumerians • Abram

  5. Migrations in 2000 B.C.

  6. Isin-Larsa Period 2000-1800 B.C. • City States • Assyria growing Isin   Larsa

  7. Died 1750 Hammurabi • Succeeded his father as King of Babylon • Drove out the Elamites • United all the lands of Mesopotamia under his rule

  8. Hammurabi Died 1750 B.C. • Mesopotamia united • Little or no delegation in evidence Babylon 

  9. Code of Hammurabi 1750 B.C. • Found at Susa by de Morgan in 1902 • Caste system • Lex Talionis • Wages • Trial by ordeal

  10. Marriage Laws • Only legal when in writing • Penalty for adultery is death • Wives own property • Monogamy

  11. Assyrian Kingdom • Assyrian independence • Treaties with surrounding city-states Nineveh   Mari  Babylon

  12. Mari Tablets • Andre Parrot excavated from 1933-1938 and 1952-1956 • More than 20,000 tablets • Akkadian from 1800-1750 B.C. • Biblical names • Travel and commerce • Covenant: “To kill a young donkey”

  13. Assyrian Kingdom • Assyrian independence • Treaties with surrounding city-states Nineveh   Nuzi  Mari  Babylon

  14. Nuzi Tablets • Smaller town • Destroyed around 1450 B.C. • Customs and culture similar to that of the Patriarchs

  15. Hittites • Hittites conquer Babylon • Kassite dynasty in Babylon (1500-1200 B.C.) Nineveh   Mari  Babylon

  16. The Hittites: A Canaanite tribe encountered in Palestine by the Israelites, resident and along side the Amorites in the region of Bethel. They were pressed into service by Solomon. Still later, however, an independent and monarchically governed Hittite tribe existed nearer Syria. (Meyers Neus Konversationislexikon, 1871).

  17. Hatti (Land of the Hittites)

  18. In Search of the Hittites • Charles Texier • Found ruins near Boghazkoy • Archibald Sayce • Suggested these were Biblical Hittites • Hugo Winckler • Translated Hittite writings

  19. Hattasus

  20. Hittites • Known in the Bible as the Hurrians • Kassite dynasty in Babylon (1500-1200 B.C.) Mitanni  Babylon (Kassites)

  21. Hittites Mitanni  Babylon (Kassites) Egypt Thusmoses III

  22. Hittites Mitanni  Babylon (Kassites) Egypt

  23. Hittites Mitanni  Babylon Israel (Kassites) Egypt

  24. Ugarit • Discovered by a farmer in 1928

  25. Hittites Nineveh    Ugarit Mari  Babylon

  26. Ugarit • Discovered by a farmer in 1928 • Royal palace with 90 rooms • Two temples • Baal, son of El • Dagon • Tablets dating to 1450-1200 B.C. • Alphabet looks like cuneiform • Semitic language related to Hebrew • Ugaritic poetry similar to Hebrew poets

  27. Mycenaean ivory box lid found in Ugarit

  28. “My husband has died and I have no son. They say about you that you have many sons. You might give me one of your sons to become my husband. I would not wish to take one of my subjects as a husband” To Suppiluliuma: Hittites Egypt Ankhesenpaaten

  29. Hittites Muwatalli II Egypt Rameses II

  30. Battle of Kadesh • Rameses given false report Amun Re Ptah Set

  31. Battle of Kadesh • Rameses given false report • Rameses goes in pursuit Amun Re Ptah Set

  32. Battle of Kadesh Amun • Rameses given false report • Rameses goes in pursuit • Hittites attack across the Orontes Re Ptah Set

  33. Battle of Kadesh Amun • Rameses given false report • Rameses goes in pursuit • Hittites attack across the Orontes • Hittites attack Rameses Ptah Set

  34. Minoans

  35. Arthur Evans • Began excavations in Crete in 1900 • Excavated ruins at Knossos • Labeled the culture Minoan after the legendary King Minos

  36. Troy ! Mycenae ! Heinrich Schliemann

  37. Migrations of 1200 B.C.

  38. Early Assyrian Period 2000-1200 B.C. • Kassites in Babylon • Mitanni period Dark Ages 1200-900 B.C. • New Migrations • Assyrian cavalry Neo-Assyrian Empire 900-626 B.C. Assyrian expansion into the Levant Fall of Nineveh Assyrian decline in face of attacks 626-612 B.C. The Assyrians

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