英三 C 陳綉淩 方巧如 蔡宜洳 李泊錚

1. Articles and Quantifier 英三C 陳綉淩 方巧如 蔡宜洳 李泊錚

2. Articles

3. The articles are: →indefinite article: a and an →definite article: the

5. Use the ►when we have already mentioned ♦ex: I bought a sandwich and a cake. The cake was mouldy. ►when there is only one of something ♦ex: The moon.( the moon which revolves around our planet) ►with defining relative clauses ♦ex: Shoot the kid who derailed the train.

6. ►with of-before something which is defined or restricted by a preposition phrase beginning with of ♦ex: We’re enjoying the benefits of early retirement. ►in superlative expressions ♦ex: It’s the best city in the country. ►in comparative expressions with same ♦ex: Give me the same as usual, please. ►with particular adjectives ♦ex: the first; the next; the last

7. Rules of thumb •Use a/an ►with there is♦ex: There’s a beer in the fridge. ►the first time we mention something ♦ex: I bought a sandwich and a cake. ►after have and have got ♦ex: Have you got a mountain bike? ► in naming things♦ex: It’s a dog. ►with occupations♦ex: I am a teacher.

8. No article ◆Belonging to institutions Eg: Is she still in ( ) hospital? Eg: He went to ( ) sea when he was only fourteen. ◆Meals Eg: She came to ( ) lunch. ◆Time expressions Eg: next ( ) week, last ( ) year, on( ) Sunday, at ( ) six o’clock

9. ◆Work, home and bed Eg: She left ( ) work. Eg: I got ( ) home. Eg: She went to ( ) bed. ◆Idioms Eg: a bit of , on the coast, go to the wall out of ( ) action

10. Typical difficulties for learners ◆Comprehension We often pronounce articles in a very weak form, and learners may fail to recognize or distinguish them. Serious misunderstanding is rarely caused by failing to hear articles, but learners have to work much harder to understand what other people say or write.

11. ◆Speaking and writing 1.How serious are problems with articles? 2.Reasons for making mistakes 3.Missing articles out 4.Using articles where they aren’t needed 5.Using one instead of a/an

12. 1.How serious are problems with articles? Individual mistakes in using articles rarely lead to serious problemof communication. Learners consistently make mistakes in using them, their readers or listeners have to work much harder to understand.

13. 2.Reasons for making mistakes Learners don’t know or haven’t internalized the rules, or they haven’t learned the fixed expressions.

14. 3.Missing articles out Even when learners do know the rules they may miss out articles Eg: Have you got pen? Eg: I’d like to buy new car. A/an before occupations is a frequent casualty. Eg: She is tax inspector.

15. 4.Using articles where they aren’t needed Problems arise because the learners don’t know fixed expressions. Eg: I didn’t have a lunch yesterday. Eg: I watched a television. Learners may also use the in generalizations. Eg: She likes the sport. Eg: The life in my country is getting harder and harder.

16. 5.Using one instead of a/an In many languages the equivalent of “one” can be used to express indefiniteness before singular nouns. Eg: We went to one party last night.

17. Exercise 1. I have read the book for half a/an hour. Ans: an 2. I bought a/the book yesterday. A/The book cost me one hundred dollars. Ans: a, The 3. A/The earth moves around a/the sun. Ans: The, the 4. Mary enjoys playing a/the piano. Ans: the 5. John is a/the best student in the class. Ans: the

18. 6. A/The dog is more useful than a/the cat. Ans: A, a 7. She came to eat a/x lunch. Ans: x 8. He was the first man that sailed across a/the Pacific Ocea. Ans: the 9. Why she came here in a/the hurry? Ans: a 10. She went to x/a bed at 10p.m. yesterday. Ans: x