Bell Ringer #5: (A) 5/24 & (B) 5/26

1. Bell Ringer #5: (A) 5/24 & (B) 5/26 When we are in our more “casual” modes, we might use slang or improper language that is acceptable to our friends and family. • List examples of when people move from more casual English to a more formal register. • Describe a time when you switched your “dialect”.

2. No word work today!!!! Word Work #5

3. Skill Focus: Dialect

4. Specialized Vocabulary Specific words used by people belonging to the same group: region (urban vs. rural, North vs. South) ethnicity economic class career field knowledge-base time period, or era age

5. Skill Focus: Dialect Definition: when an author uses specific words to mimic the way a group of people speak (usually based on region, ethnicity, class, age or time period); appears in the text as the speaker would say it aloud Includes: vocabulary/diction (using slang) grammar (following, or not following, the rules)

6. How does language change? Language evolves over time. For example, back in the day (1990’s) when I was in high school: “Talk to the Hand” = I don’t want to hear what you are saying. “Deal” = Deal with it “The Bomb” = That jacket is out of this world “Peace Out” = Bye Your Turn: What is the difference between standard/formal and informal language? What is the difference between form and informal writing? How has writing evolved? What are some examples of informal and formal writing.

7. In a 100 years from now… • You will be divided into groups of 4-5 students. • Each group must select a scribe, time keeper, presenter, and manager. • Each student will then brainstorm IM lingo or terminology---the scribe will record these. • Each student should also list common phrases or word that have a particular meaning for today’s time but if read by someone 100 years from now might be confusing. (For example: “hurt”) • Finally, as a group you will present your items discussed to the entire class.

8. American English Dialects Viewing a clip on dialect regions Click here

9. What did you say? Click on house to view dialect video

10. Analyzing Dialect--Poetry Paul Laurence Dunbar is widely acknowledged as the first important black poet in American literature. He enjoyed his greatest popularity in the early twentieth century following the publication of dialectic verse in collections such as Majors and Minors and Lyrics of Lowly Life. Paul Laurence Dunbar (1872 - 1906)

11. Read “We Wear the Mask”

12. Read “When Malindy Sings”

13. Compare and Contrasting Use a Venn diagram to compare and contrast the language Dunbar uses in each poem. Make sure you: 1. Label which poem uses dialect and which uses standard English 2. Find specific words representing either dialect, standard English or both 3. Analyze grammatical usage 4. Notice variations in punctuation 5. Evaluate spelling – this can signal whether the author is using dialect or standard English 6. Find overall similarities and differences

14. Study guides!!!

15. Review for Final Exam The doors of wisdom are never shut.--Benjamin Franklin =

16. Specialized vocabulary

17. Skill Focus:Specialized Vocabulary Specific words used by people belonging to the same group: region (urban vs. rural, North vs. South) ethnicity economic class career field knowledge-base time period, or era age

18. Dialect Definition: Dialect is when an author uses specific words to mimic the way a group of people speak (usually based on region, ethnicity, class, age or time period); appears in the text as the speaker would say it aloud Includes: vocabulary/diction (using slang) grammar (following, or not following, the rules)

19. Dialect DOES NOT INCLUDE: pronunciation – this means someone speaks with an accent but not that they use a dialect

20. Connecting to To Kill a Mockingbird • Historical dialect • How people in the 1930’s spoke • Regional dialect • How people in the South speak • Community dialects • How poor, uneducated people speak vs. the educated elite (CLASS) • How white versus black people speak (ETHNICITY) • How children speak (AGE)

21. Examples of Dialect With your partner, find the following terms in the novel and re-write the expression in Standard English (with no dialect): Ch. 1 – “Your name’s longer’n you are.” (Jem) Ch. 2 – “I got swapped when I was born.” (Scout) Ch. 3 – “Don’t matter who they are, anybody sets foot in this house’s yo’ comp’ny . . .” (Calpurnia) Ch. 4 – “Mississippi turns ‘em loose a day later.” (Jem) Ch. 5 – “It’s like angels’ breath this evening.” (Miss Maudie)

22. Jargon Definition: Jargon is when an author uses words to reflect a particular group (usually based on career field, knowledge-base, or activity) Includes: vocabulary, or terminology The use of jargon may exclude (or leave out) some people from understanding a conversation because they do not have the same knowledge the group does.

23. Examples of Jargon UK vs. Duke basketball clip ER clip List JARGON that you hear during each clip. What differences do you notice in the vocabulary of the two clips?

24. Connecting to To Kill a Mockingbird • Professional jargon • How lawyers and judges speak during Tom’s trial • How farmers speak about their work • Community jargons • How church members speak at a service • How hunters speak about the sport

25. Persuasive Techniques

26. Essential Skill: Persuasion Definition: Persuasion is the attempt to convince others to do something or to change a belief of their own free will.

27. Persuasion vs. PropagandaWhat is the difference? • Propaganda techniques are designed to convince people to believe something, regardless of its truthand always in a one-sided manner. Propaganda techniques tend to be subjective. • Persuasive techniques are designed to establishthe truth of an argument or claim by presenting evidence. Persuasive techniques can be objective or subjective.

28. Persuasive Techniques Ethos(ethics) appealing to someone’s sense of authority/credibility

29. Examples: Ethos Michael Jordan says: “The best energy drink to consume is Gatorade.” How does this persuade us to buy this drink?

30. Persuasive Techniques Pathos(emotion) appealing to someone’s sense of emotion

31. Example: Pathos There are literally millions of animals that are abandoned each year, just left to die in the streets. Won’t you help just one of them?

32. Persuasive Techniques Logos(logic) appealing to someone’s sense of reason.

33. Example: Logos You should work hard at school because . . . It gives you options (choices!). It helps you understand the world around you. It will help you get a good job. Education = $$$ It gives you power to live your life the way you want to!

35. Practice Which type of argument (logos, ethos, or pathos) is the following, and how do you know??? “You shouldn’t smoke because it is bad for your health. Think about all of the little kids who look up to you and admire you, would you really want to let them down?”

36. Literary devices

37. Tone The attitude of the AUTHOR of the piece of writing. Can you think of examples of tones that a specific author might use?

38. Mood The intended emotion that the readers feel or should feel when reading a piece of writing. Can you think of an example of a story that we have read that evokes a specific mood?

39. Theme The central idea of a piece of literature. Consider what the author intended you to think about or take away from the story. A theme should ALWAYS be stated in a complete sentence.

40. Organizational patterns

41. Essential Skill:Sequencing (or Chronological Order) Definition: Sequencing is when an author organizes their information in order (first to last, step-by-step) or narrates (tells!) a story from beginning to end Key Question to ask yourself when reading: Does the author describe ideas or events in the order in which they happened or should happen?

42. Sequencing/Chronological Key Words After before during later first second then today when

43. Example: Are the following events in CHRONOLOGICAL (time) order? • The signing of The Declaration of Independence • Columbus discovers the New World • The Civil Rights Movement • The abolishment of slavery • America elects the first black President • Black men receive the right to vote

44. Essential Skill: Compare and Contrast Definition: when an author organizes their information to show similarities or differences between two or more ideas or things Key Question to ask yourself when reading: Does the author organize ideas or events to show what is alike and different?

45. Compare and Contrast Key Words:

46. Compare/Contrast ExampleList the key words that the author used to create the organizational pattern compare and contrast in the following passage: My two children are so different that it surprises me every day. For one thing, my older child is a girl, and my younger child is a boy. My daughter loves reading, going to the movies, and writing in her journal. My son, on the other hand, loves running, jumping, and swimming— anything that requires using energy. My daughter loves all different kinds of foods, but my son likes to eat only pizza. And while my son can’t go a day without watching some kind of sporting event on television, my daughter will only watch a baseball game if nothing else is on.

47. Essential Skill: Cause and Effect Definition: when an author organizes their information by explaining what events or reasons led to (or “caused”) a specific result (or “effect”) Key Question to ask yourself when reading: Does the author state WHY something happened? (CAUSE) Does the author state WHAT happened? (EFFECT)

48. Cause and Effect Key Words: In order to when because so that if as a result of that way so

49. What does Cause and Effect mean?

50. Reviewing with Ch. 23