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Plant Cell Structure and Function Overview

Explore the components and functions of a plant cell, including the chloroplast, plasma membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, vacuole, mitochondrion, and nucleus. Learn about key organelles and tissues, such as meristem and permanent tissue, as well as the importance of roots, stems, leaves, and flowers in plant growth and development.

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Plant Cell Structure and Function Overview

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  1. Unit: Plant Growth & Development Advanced Plant Sciences Mr. Dieckhoff

  2. 1. ID the parts of a plant cell… • Chloroplast – holds chlorophyll • Plasma Membrane – Controls entrance & exits • Cell Wall – 3 layers • Cytoplasm – Liquid in cell • Vacuole – Store water • Mitochondrion – Respiration • Nucleus - Genetics

  3. **Four elements of the cell structure: A. Cell wall B. Plasma membrane C. Cytoplasma D. Nucleus

  4. Cell Wall Structure

  5. Too little water in vacuole…..

  6. Tobacco flower losing pigment because lack of mitochondria proteins

  7. 2. What are 2 function of PM? • Control entrance & exit into and out of cell • Relays environmental information about condition

  8. 3. What are 3 organelles…… • Mitochondria – Control Chemical Reactions, site of respiration • Plastids – Contain Chloroplasts; contain chromoplasts (red, yellow, brown pigments) • Vacuoles – store water, dissolve minerals

  9. 4. What are 3 func. of nucleus.. • Control Physiological Characteristics • Control Appearance of Plant • Passes Characteristics to Offspring

  10. 5. What are 2 types tissue…. • Meristem • Permanent

  11. 6. What are differences…… Meristem actively divides to form new growth where permanent does not actively divide

  12. 7. What are 3 types meristems.. • Apical – plant length • Cambium – plant diameter • Intercalary Zone – stem height

  13. **Cambium Meristem View Video

  14. Intercalary Zone Meristem

  15. 8. What two types permanent… • Epidermis – outside covering • Vascular System – transportation system of plant • Xylem - Up • Phloem - Down

  16. **Five basic parts of a plant: A. Seeds • B. Roots • C. Stems • D. Leaves • E. Flowers

  17. 9. What are three parts mono… • Seed Coat – Protect embryo • Embryo – Miniature plant • Endosperm - Nourishment

  18. 10. **Which is found only mono… Endosperm

  19. 11. What are 4 parts embryo? • Cotyledon • Epicotyl • Hypocotyl • Radicle

  20. 12. **What another term seed leaf Cotyledon

  21. 13. What type of Plant…. • Has one leaf – Monocot • Has two leaves - Dicot

  22. **Stems….

  23. Stolon

  24. **Crown Thick, compressed stem whose leaves and flower buds grow just above ground Example in CCC Greenhouse: fern

  25. Rhizome

  26. 14. **What are 3 func. Roots…. • Synthesize hormones for plant growth • Store carbohydrates • Provide aerial support • Anchor plant • Absorb Water and Nutrients

  27. Application of Rooting Hormone

  28. Don’t cut alfalfa in October

  29. Wait Until November

  30. Or Next Year will Look Like….

  31. 15. What are 5 types roots…. • Taproot • Fibrous • Aerial • Adventitious • Aquatic

  32. Adventitious Roots

  33. Tap Root

  34. Aerial Roots

  35. Aquatic Roots

  36. 16. What is pith? Parenchyma cells

  37. 17. What is hyposophylls? Floral bracts – protect buds during development Dogwood

  38. 18. ID interior parts of leaf…. • Phloem • Xylem • Cuticle • Upper epidermis • Chloroplast • Lower epidermis • Cuticle • Stomata • Guard Cell • Spongy mesophyll • Palisade mesophyll View Video

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