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PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION. TRUCKING. Disadvantages Traffic jams Accidents Equipment breakdowns. Advantages Convenient Reduces packaging cost Speedy delivery Flexible. RAIL. Disadvantages Lack of flexibility Cannot reach as many places. Advantages Low cost Weather – not a factor
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TRUCKING • Disadvantages • Traffic jams • Accidents • Equipment breakdowns • Advantages • Convenient • Reduces packaging cost • Speedy delivery • Flexible
RAIL • Disadvantages • Lack of flexibility • Cannot reach as many places • Advantages • Low cost • Weather – not a factor • Quicker • Heavy/large quantities
WATER • Disadvantages • Slow • Bad weather • Cannot reach as many places • Advantages • Low cost • Cheapest form • Large quantities
PIPELINE • Disadvantages • Earthquakes • Leaks/breaks • Advantages • Fast – initial cost is high • Low cost thereafter • Weather – not a factor
AIR • Disadvantages • Most expensive • Weather/delays • breakdowns • Advantages • Speed • Reduces warehouse expenses