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SmartCard Authentication: Considerations, Options and Pitfalls with SharePoint

SmartCard Authentication: Considerations, Options and Pitfalls with SharePoint. Dan Usher Joel Ward. Agenda. Who we are… What we’ve seen… Security Concerns in today’s world Why SmartCards? Authentication & Authorization of SharePoint IIS and SmartCards

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SmartCard Authentication: Considerations, Options and Pitfalls with SharePoint

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  1. SmartCard Authentication: Considerations, Options and Pitfalls with SharePoint Dan Usher Joel Ward

  2. Agenda • Who we are… • What we’ve seen… • Security Concerns in today’s world • Why SmartCards? • Authentication & Authorization of SharePoint • IIS and SmartCards • Implementation Considerations and Pitfalls

  3. We are very eager to talk about SharePoint…

  4. But first…the SmartCards!!!

  5. Please excuse this err in judgment…

  6. First the introductions… Dan Usher • MCP, MCTS, Security+ • SharePoint Architect and Implementation / Deployment Engineer • UVA - BS Physics Joel Ward • MCP, MCAD • Solutions Developer and Architect • Penn State - BA Integrative Arts

  7. What we've seen… • Large and Small SharePoint implementations • Authentication schemas using SmartCard authentication integrated with Active Directory and third party SSO systems • Extranet Enabled SmartCard SharePoint systems

  8. Security Concerns in today’s world • Cyber Security • Identity Theft • Phishing • Information Assurance

  9. How we protect Identity • Strong Passwords • Web of Trust • Two Factor Authentication • Biometrics 3L33tH@x0r0h 77M@Kuhr00ns 7c@Nd13M@n7

  10. Why does IA matter? • Confidentiality • Integrity • Authenticity • Availability • Non-repudiation

  11. How does IA impact you? • Stricter Password Policies • Resetting Passwords More Often • Password Enabled Screensavers …disruptions in your daily work …things aren’t quite as secure as they were

  12. So why SmartCards? • Simplicity… Source: http://go.spdan.com/pki

  13. So why SmartCards? • Simplicity… to the end user • Provides a secure tamper resistant storage physical token • Enables portability of credentials and private information similar to other Federated Identity… • …like OpenID, Facebook Connect, Google OpenSocial, Microsoft Hailstorm • A PIN is used • …Security

  14. What about a soft cert? • Similar to a physical token • Contains the same information • It has an expiration date • It can be revoked • Provides for similar IA capabilities • However… • It can be exported • It can be shared • It can be purchased • It can be stolen

  15. Authentication and Authorization of SharePoint • Authentication • IIS • Username & Password • Client Certificates • ISAPI Filters • Custom Membership Providers • Federation (ADFS or Third Party Identity Handler) • Authorization • SharePoint Groups and Permissions • AD / LDAP / Role Provider Security Groups

  16. Basics of SharePoint Authentication • Handled by IIS and ASP.NET • Checks user against AD or other auth provider • Passes verification to IIS to proceed Source: http://go.spdan.com/iisauth ASP.NET Authentication

  17. IIS and SmartCards

  18. Implementation Considerations and Pitfalls • Option 0: SharePoint on an Intranet with integrated authentication • Option 1: SharePoint in a DMZ with client certificates and AD integration • Option 2a: SharePoint published through Internet Security and Acceleration (ISA) Server • Option 2b: SharePoint published through Intelligent Application Gateway (IAG) Server • Option 3: Custom Membership Provider

  19. Considerations – Option 0 • SharePoint is Intranet based only • Client Desktop utilizes the “SmartCard Enabled Login Required” security policy setting • SharePoint utilizing Integrated Windows authentication • Kerberos or NTLM

  20. Considerations – Option 0

  21. Pitfalls – Option 0 • Intranet only situation • Need to be within the network boundary for authentication tokens to pass properly • User’s account must be linked to their SmartCard user principal name • Certificate Authority (CA) availability for CRL check may affect system availability

  22. Considerations - Option 1 • Web Server in DMZ • Utilize Authentication Store (AD) • IIS Configured to Require Client Certificate • Relatively easy to configure

  23. Configuration – Option 1 • Install a SSL certificate that belongs to a managed PKI environment • Within IIS in the specific web application, enable: • Require Secure Channel (SSL) • Require 128-bit encryption (optional) • Require client certificate • Certificate Revocation List (CRL) ports open • LDAP or LDAP-S

  24. Considerations - Option 1

  25. Considerations - Option 1

  26. Considerations - Option 1

  27. Considerations - Option 1

  28. Pitfalls – Option 1 • OCSP or CRL checking could cause authentication to fail if CRL is not available • Depending on number of requests, CRL checking could cause server load • Puts server in DMZ, increases attack surface area – wfetch will show your SharePoint Version • User’s account must be linked to their SmartCard user principal name • User selecting certificate that does not contain UPN

  29. Considerations - Option 2a • Internet Security and Acceleration 2006 (ISA) Server Web Site Publishing with Constrained Kerberos Delegation • Internal Windows Networking Infrastructure system utilizing Kerberos • Users authenticate to their client machine using different account than SmartCard linked to their AD user object

  30. Pitfalls – Option 2a • Windows XP + Office 2007 requires a hot fix to allow for documents to open using ISA • Increases authentication requirements for external facing or extranet systems • User’s account must be linked to their SmartCard user principal name • Multi-Forest trusts do not always work • Reauthentication issues • Only leverages Active Directory

  31. Considerations - Option 2b • Intelligent Application Gateway (IAG) Server Publishing Web Front End Server • Similar to Option 2a (ISA Server), but better experience for the end user • Stable session - Prevents constant requests for re-authorization using SmartCard • Allows for NAP like capabilities • Allows for mapping to something than AD

  32. Pitfalls – Option 2b • Additional hardware to maintain • Current IAG is a hardware appliance • IAG 2007 available as a virtual machine for demonstration purposes • Future IAG will potentially be available as software and hardware • IAG -> Forefront Unified Access Gateway (UAG) • Costly • Requires authenticating to IAG dashboard

  33. Considerations - Option 3 • Custom Membership provider for SmartCard • IIS or SSO/ISAPI filter handshakes with the SmartCard • Does not require Active Directory: Can use LDAP, SQL Server, or another authentication provider

  34. Considerations - Option 3 (cont.) • Custom SharePoint login page (using Forms Based Authentication) completes the login process seamlessly without user input • Can optionally create user account on the fly, based on SmartCard credentials • Can add in logic for account approval, different access levels based on SmartCard credentials, etc.

  35. Pitfalls – Option 3 • Requires additional configuration in SharePoint • Requires custom development • If requiring client certificate in IIS (instead of SSO or ISAPI filter), OCSP or CRL checking could cause authentication to fail if CRL is not available • Must secure server if in DMZ • Must add in appropriate security logic to custom login page

  36. How do I configure a membership provider? 1) Configure domain name and SSL certificate for web application 2) Implement Forms Based Authentication with SharePoint using appropriate membership and role provider (AD, LDAP, ASPNET, etc.) 3) Configure IIS to accept client certificates (or custom SSO) 4) Create custom login page for SharePoint _layouts folder

  37. What do I include in the custom login page? • //Get client certificate and appropriate user ID • HttpClientCertificate cert = Request.ClientCertificate; • string userID; • userID = cert.Get("[fieldname]"); • //Create new user and add to Visitor role • MembershipUser user = Membership.CreateUser(userID,[randomPassword],[email]); • Roles.AddUserToRole(userID, "Visitors"); • //If user exists in membership provider, login using FBA • if (Membership.GetUser(userID).UserName == userID) • FormsAuthentication.RedirectFromLoginPage(userID, false);

  38. Conclusions • For SmartCard authentication to work properly, it relies heavily on the surrounding Windows networking infrastructure that it resides within • SmartCard authentication can be done several different ways depending on the surrounding infrastructure • SmartCards works well when the user base understands their responsibility in upholding IA.

  39. Question and Answer

  40. Contact Us • Dan Usher • dan@spdan.com • http://www.sharepointdan.com • @usher • Joel Ward • joel@wardworks.com • http://joelsef.blogspot.com • @joelsef

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